Matplotlib中的3D参数曲线不遵守zorder.解决方法? [英] 3D parametric curve in Matplotlib does not respect zorder. Workaround?

问题描述

我正在使用Matplotlib设计三维插图.一切工作正常，只是在完全正确绘制(绿色)参数曲面时(红色)参数曲线获得了错误的zorder.

I am designing a three-dimensional illustration using Matplotlib. All is working nicely, except that the (red) parametric curve gets the wrong zorder while the (green) parametric surface is drawn completely correctly.

由以下代码生成的输出:

Output generated by code below:

我知道Matplotlib在精确计算对象zorder方面的功能有限，但是由于它可以在参数化曲面上实现，因此在Matplotlib中似乎是一个错误.

I know that Matplotlib has limited capabilities for accurately computing the zorder of objects, but since it can do it for the parametric surface, it seems like a bug in Matplotlib.

也就是说，是否有任何方法可以强制正确的z排序以使事情快速进行?看来我只能说正确的透明蓝色平面位于其他所有物体之上.但是，将zorder参数放入PolyCollection似乎没有任何效果，而将明确的zorder参数放入绘制绘制读取线的plot函数中，则会使其相对于绿色表面的顺序混乱.

That said, is there any way to force correct z-ordering just to get things to work quickly? It seems that all I have to be able to say is that the right transparent blue plane is on top of everything else. However, putting a zorder argument into PolyCollection does not seem to have any effect, and putting an explicit zorder argument into the plot function which draws the read line will mess up its ordering relative to the green surface.

是否有一种方法可以将正确的蓝色透明表面压在所有物体的顶部?这是我到目前为止的代码:

Is there a way to force the right blue transparent surface on top of everything? Here is the code I have so far:

#!/bin/env python3

from pylab import *
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import *

from matplotlib.collections import PolyCollection
from matplotlib.colors import colorConverter
from matplotlib.patches import FancyArrowPatch

rc('text', usetex=True)
rc('font', size=20)

fig = figure(figsize=(11,6))
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

ax.set_axis_off()

def f(x,t):
    return t/2 * 0.55*(sin(2*x)+0.4*x**2-0.65)

c_plane   = colorConverter.to_rgba('b', alpha=0.15)

N = 50
y = linspace(-1,1,N)
t = linspace(0,2,N)
yy, tt = meshgrid(y, t)
zz = f(yy,tt)

ax.plot(0*ones(y.shape), y, f(y,0), '-g', linewidth=3)
ax.plot(2*ones(y.shape), y, f(y,2), '-g', linewidth=3)

yt = 0.7*y
zt = f(yt, t) + 0.2*t

ax.plot(t, yt, zt, '-r', linewidth=3)
ax.plot((0,2), (yt[0], yt[-1]), (zt[0], zt[-1]), 'or')

ax.plot([2,2,2], [-1,yt[-1],yt[-1]], [zt[-1],zt[-1],-1], 'k--')
ax.plot(2*ones(y.shape), yt, f(yt,2)+0.1*(y+1), 'g:', linewidth=2)
ax.plot((2,2),
(yt[0], yt[-1]),
(f(yt[0], 2), f(yt[-1], 2) + 0.1*(y[-1]+1)), 'og')
ax.plot((0,2,2),
(-1,-1,zt[-1]),
(0,yt[-1],-1), 'ok')

ax.text(0, -1.1, 0, r'$p(0)=0$', ha='right', va='center')
ax.text(2, -1.05, zt[-1], r'$p(T)$', ha='right', va='center')
ax.text(0, -1.0, 1, r'$p$', ha='right', va='bottom')
ax.text(0, 1, -1.1, r'$q$', ha='center', va='top')
ax.text(0, -1, -1.1, r'$t=0$', ha='right', va='top')
ax.text(2, -1, -1.1, r'$t=T$', ha='right', va='top')
ax.text(2, yt[-1]-0.05, -1.05, r'$q(T)=q^*$', ha='left', va='top')
ax.text(0, 0.5, 0.05, r'$\mathcal{M}(0)$', ha='center', va='bottom')
ax.text(2, 0.1, -0.8, r'$\mathcal{M}(T)$', ha='center', va='bottom')

arrowprops = dict(mutation_scale=20,
linewidth=2,
arrowstyle='-|>',
color='k')

# For arrows, see
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29188612/arrows-in-matplotlib-using-mplot3d
class Arrow3D(FancyArrowPatch):
    def __init__(self, xs, ys, zs, *args, **kwargs):
        FancyArrowPatch.__init__(self, (0,0), (0,0), *args, **kwargs)
        self._verts3d = xs, ys, zs

    def draw(self, renderer):
        xs3d, ys3d, zs3d = self._verts3d
        xs, ys, zs = proj3d.proj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, renderer.M)
        self.set_positions((xs[0],ys[0]),(xs[1],ys[1]))
        FancyArrowPatch.draw(self, renderer)

a = Arrow3D([0,2], [-1,-1], [-1,-1], **arrowprops)
ax.add_artist(a)
a = Arrow3D([0,0], [-1,-1], [-1,1], **arrowprops)
ax.add_artist(a)
a = Arrow3D([0,0], [-1,1], [-1,-1], **arrowprops)
ax.add_artist(a)

# For surface illumination, see
# http://physicalmodelingwithpython.blogspot.de/2015/08/illuminating-surface-plots.html

# Get lighting object for shading surface plots.
from matplotlib.colors import LightSource

# Get colormaps to use with lighting object.
from matplotlib import cm

# Create an instance of a LightSource and use it to illuminate the surface.
light = LightSource(70, -120)
white = np.ones((zz.shape[0], zz.shape[1], 3))
illuminated_surface = light.shade_rgb(white*(0,1,0), zz)

ax.plot_surface(tt, yy, zz,
cstride=1, rstride=1,
alpha=0.3, facecolors=illuminated_surface,
linewidth=0)

verts = [array([(-1,-1), (-1,1), (1,1), (1,-1), (-1,-1)])]

poly = PolyCollection(verts, facecolors=c_plane)
ax.add_collection3d(poly, zs=[0], zdir='x')
poly = PolyCollection(verts, facecolors=c_plane)
ax.add_collection3d(poly, zs=[2], zdir='x')

ax.set_xlim3d(0, 2)
ax.view_init(elev=18, azim=-54)

show()

推荐答案

Axes3D忽略zorder并以其认为应该的顺序绘制所有艺术家.但是，您可以将zorder=0设置为红线，将zorder=-1设置为绿色表面(反之亦然)，以将其置于右侧的蓝色面板后面.

Axes3D ignores zorder and draws all artists in the order it thinks they should be. However, you may set zorder=0 for red line and zorder=-1 for green surface (or vice-versa) to put they behind right blue panel.

我的结果:

您必须知道:

轴的默认绘制顺序是面片，线条，文本.这 顺序由zorder属性确定.以下默认值 被设置

The default drawing order for axes is patches, lines, text. This order is determined by the zorder attribute. The following defaults are set

艺术家Z顺序

补丁/补丁集合1

Line2D/LineCollection 2

Line2D / LineCollection 2

文字3

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