基于运输时间的热图/轮廓(反向等时轮廓) [英] Heatmap/Contours based on Transportation Time (Reverse Isochronic Contours)
问题描述
注意: r ， python ， java 的问题，或者必要时显示， c ++ 或
Note: Solutions in r, python, java, or if necessary, c++ or c# are desired.
我正在尝试根据运输时间绘制轮廓.更清楚地说，我想将具有相似旅行时间(比如说10分钟间隔)的点聚类到特定点(目的地)，并将它们映射为轮廓或热图.
I am trying to draw contours based on transportation time. To be more clear, I want to cluster the points which have similar travel time (let's say 10 minute interval) to a specific point (destination) and map them as contours or a heatmap.
现在，我唯一的想法是使用R包 gmapsdistance 来查找不同起点的旅行时间，然后将它们聚类并将其绘制在地图上.但是，您可以知道，这绝对不是一个可靠的解决方案.
Right now, the only idea that I have is using R package gmapsdistance to find the travel time for different origins and then cluster them and draw them on a map. But, as you can tell, this is in no way a robust solution.
此 线程 在GIS社区和
This thread on GIS-community and this one for python illustrate a similar problem but for an origin to destinations within reach in specific time. I want to find origins which I can travel to the destination within certain time.
现在，下面的代码显示了我的基本想法(使用R):
Right now, the code below shows my rudimentary idea (using R):
library(gmapsdistance)
set.api.key("YOUR.API.KEY")
mdestination <- "40.7+-73"
morigin1 <- "40.6+-74.2"
morigin2 <- "40+-74"
gmapsdistance(origin = morigin1,
destination = mdestination,
mode = "transit")
gmapsdistance(origin = morigin2,
destination = mdestination,
mode = "transit")
此地图还可以帮助您理解问题:
This map also may help to understand the question:
使用此 answer 我可以从原点获得可以到达的点，但是我需要将其反转，找到旅行时间等于或小于一定时间的点.我的目的地；
Using this answer I can get the points which I can go to from a point of origin but I need to reverse it and find the points which have travel time equal-less-than a certain time to my destination;
library(httr)
library(googleway)
library(jsonlite)
appId <- "TravelTime_APP_ID"
apiKey <- "TravelTime_API_KEY"
mapKey <- "GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY"
location <- c(40, -73)
CommuteTime <- (5 / 6) * 60 * 60
url <- "http://api.traveltimeapp.com/v4/time-map"
requestBody <- paste0('{
"departure_searches" : [
{"id" : "test",
"coords": {"lat":', location[1], ', "lng":', location[2],' },
"transportation" : {"type" : "driving"} ,
"travel_time" : ', CommuteTime, ',
"departure_time" : "2017-05-03T07:20:00z"
}
]
}')
res <- httr::POST(url = url,
httr::add_headers('Content-Type' = 'application/json'),
httr::add_headers('Accept' = 'application/json'),
httr::add_headers('X-Application-Id' = appId),
httr::add_headers('X-Api-Key' = apiKey),
body = requestBody,
encode = "json")
res <- jsonlite::fromJSON(as.character(res))
pl <- lapply(res$results$shapes[[1]]$shell, function(x){
googleway::encode_pl(lat = x[['lat']], lon = x[['lng']])
})
df <- data.frame(polyline = unlist(pl))
df_marker <- data.frame(lat = location[1], lon = location[2])
google_map(key = mapKey) %>%
add_markers(data = df_marker) %>%
add_polylines(data = df, polyline = "polyline")
此外， 文档时间地图平台的成员 谈到了具有到达时间的多起源，这正是我想要做的事情.但是我需要对公共交通和驾车都做到这一点(对于通勤时间少于一个小时的地方)，并且我认为由于公共交通比较棘手(根据您靠近的车站)，也许热图比轮廓更合适.
Moreover, Documentation of Travel Time Map Platform talks about Multi Origins with Arrival time which is exactly the thing I want to do. But I need to do that for both public transportation and driving (for places with less than an hour commute time) and I think since public transport is tricky (based on what station you are close to) maybe heatmap is a better option than contours.
推荐答案
我想出了一种与进行大量api调用相比适用的方法.
I came up with an approach that would be applicable comparing to making numerous api calls.
The idea is finding the places you can reach in certain time(look at this thread). Traffic can be simulated by changing the time from morning to evening. You will end up with an overlapped area which you can reach from both places.
然后，您可以使用 Nicolas答案并绘制该重叠区域内的一些点，并为您拥有的目的地绘制热图.这样，您将需要覆盖的区域(点)更少，因此，您将进行更少的api调用(请记住在该问题上使用适当的时间).
Then you can use Nicolas answer and map some points within that overlapped area and draw the heat map for the destinations you have. This way, you will have less area (points) to cover and therefore you will make much less api calls (remember to use appropriate time for that matter).
下面，我试图演示这些含义，使您理解到可以使另一个答案中提到的网格更合理.
Below, I tried to demonstrate what I mean by these and get you to the point that you can make the grid mentioned in the other answer to make your estimation more robust.
这显示了如何绘制相交区域.
This shows how to map the intersected area.
library(httr)
library(googleway)
library(jsonlite)
appId <- "Travel.Time.ID"
apiKey <- "Travel.Time.API"
mapKey <- "Google.Map.ID"
locationK <- c(40, -73) #K
locationM <- c(40, -74) #M
CommuteTimeK <- (3 / 4) * 60 * 60
CommuteTimeM <- (0.55) * 60 * 60
url <- "http://api.traveltimeapp.com/v4/time-map"
requestBodyK <- paste0('{
"departure_searches" : [
{"id" : "test",
"coords": {"lat":', locationK[1], ', "lng":', locationK[2],' },
"transportation" : {"type" : "public_transport"} ,
"travel_time" : ', CommuteTimeK, ',
"departure_time" : "2018-06-27T13:00:00z"
}
]
}')
requestBodyM <- paste0('{
"departure_searches" : [
{"id" : "test",
"coords": {"lat":', locationM[1], ', "lng":', locationM[2],' },
"transportation" : {"type" : "driving"} ,
"travel_time" : ', CommuteTimeM, ',
"departure_time" : "2018-06-27T13:00:00z"
}
]
}')
resKi <- httr::POST(url = url,
httr::add_headers('Content-Type' = 'application/json'),
httr::add_headers('Accept' = 'application/json'),
httr::add_headers('X-Application-Id' = appId),
httr::add_headers('X-Api-Key' = apiKey),
body = requestBodyK,
encode = "json")
resMi <- httr::POST(url = url,
httr::add_headers('Content-Type' = 'application/json'),
httr::add_headers('Accept' = 'application/json'),
httr::add_headers('X-Application-Id' = appId),
httr::add_headers('X-Api-Key' = apiKey),
body = requestBodyM,
encode = "json")
resK <- jsonlite::fromJSON(as.character(resKi))
resM <- jsonlite::fromJSON(as.character(resMi))
plK <- lapply(resK$results$shapes[[1]]$shell, function(x){
googleway::encode_pl(lat = x[['lat']], lon = x[['lng']])
})
plM <- lapply(resM$results$shapes[[1]]$shell, function(x){
googleway::encode_pl(lat = x[['lat']], lon = x[['lng']])
})
dfK <- data.frame(polyline = unlist(plK))
dfM <- data.frame(polyline = unlist(plM))
df_markerK <- data.frame(lat = locationK[1], lon = locationK[2], colour = "#green")
df_markerM <- data.frame(lat = locationM[1], lon = locationM[2], colour = "#lavender")
iconK <- "red"
df_markerK$icon <- iconK
iconM <- "blue"
df_markerM$icon <- iconM
google_map(key = mapKey) %>%
add_markers(data = df_markerK,
lat = "lat", lon = "lon",colour = "icon",
mouse_over = "K_K") %>%
add_markers(data = df_markerM,
lat = "lat", lon = "lon", colour = "icon",
mouse_over = "M_M") %>%
add_polygons(data = dfM, polyline = "polyline", stroke_colour = '#461B7E',
fill_colour = '#461B7E', fill_opacity = 0.6) %>%
add_polygons(data = dfK, polyline = "polyline",
stroke_colour = '#F70D1A',
fill_colour = '#FF2400', fill_opacity = 0.4)
您可以像这样提取相交区域:
You can extract the intersected area like this:
# install.packages(c("rgdal", "sp", "raster","rgeos","maptools"))
library(rgdal)
library(sp)
library(raster)
library(rgeos)
library(maptools)
Kdata <- resK$results$shapes[[1]]$shell
Mdata <- resM$results$shapes[[1]]$shell
xyfunc <- function(mydf) {
xy <- mydf[,c(2,1)]
return(xy)
}
spdf <- function(xy, mydf){
sp::SpatialPointsDataFrame(
coords = xy, data = mydf,
proj4string = CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0"))}
for (i in (1:length(Kdata))) {Kdata[[i]] <- xyfunc(Kdata[[i]])}
for (i in (1:length(Mdata))) {Mdata[[i]] <- xyfunc(Mdata[[i]])}
Kshp <- list(); for (i in (1:length(Kdata))) {Kshp[i] <- spdf(Kdata[[i]],Kdata[[i]])}
Mshp <- list(); for (i in (1:length(Mdata))) {Mshp[i] <- spdf(Mdata[[i]],Mdata[[i]])}
Kbind <- do.call(bind, Kshp)
Mbind <- do.call(bind, Mshp)
#plot(Kbind);plot(Mbind)
x <- intersect(Kbind,Mbind)
#plot(x)
xdf <- data.frame(x)
xdf$icon <- "https://i.stack.imgur.com/z7NnE.png"
google_map(key = mapKey,
location = c(mean(latmax,latmin), mean(lngmax,lngmin)), zoom = 8) %>%
add_markers(data = xdf, lat = "lat", lon = "lng", marker_icon = "icon")
这只是相交区域的说明.
This is just an illustration of the intersected area.
现在，您可以从xdf数据框中获取坐标，并围绕这些点构建网格，以最终得出热图.为了尊重提出该想法/答案的其他用户，我没有将其包含在我的文档中，而只是在引用它.
Now, You can get the coordinates from xdf dataframe and construct your grid around those points to finally come up with a heat map. To respect the other user who came up with that idea/answer I am not including it in mine and am just referencing to it.
这篇关于基于运输时间的热图/轮廓(反向等时轮廓)的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
