递归dir()一个python对象以查找某种类型或具有某种特定值的值 [英] Recursively dir() a python object to find values of a certain type or with a certain value
问题描述
我有一个复杂的Python数据结构(如果重要的话，它是一个很大的music21 Score对象)，由于在对象结构内部某个位置存在弱引用，因此不会出现问题.之前，我已经使用堆栈跟踪和python调试器调试了此类问题，但这总是很痛苦的.是否有一个工具可以在对象的所有属性上递归运行dir()，查找隐藏在列表，元组，字典等中的对象，并返回与某个值匹配的对象(lambda函数或类似的对象).一个大问题是递归引用，因此需要某种备忘录功能(例如copy.deepcopy使用).我试过了:
I have a complex Python data structure (if it matters, it's a large music21 Score object) which will not pickle due to the presence of a weakref somewhere deep inside the object structure. I've debugged such problems with the stack trace and python debugger before, but it's always a big pain. Is there a tool which runs dir() recursively on all attributes of an object, finding objects hidden in lists, tuples, dicts, etc., and returns those that match a certain value (a lambda function or something like that). A big problem is recursive references, so some sort of memo function (like copy.deepcopy uses) is needed. I tried:
import weakref
def findWeakRef(streamObj, memo=None):
weakRefList = []
if memo is None:
memo = {}
for x in dir(streamObj):
xValue = getattr(streamObj, x)
if id(xValue) in memo:
continue
else:
memo[id(xValue)] = True
if type(xValue) is weakref.ref:
weakRefList.append(x, xValue, streamObj)
if hasattr(xValue, "__iter__"):
for i in xValue:
if id(i) in memo:
pass
else:
memo[id(i)] = True
weakRefList.extend(findWeakRef(i), memo)
else:
weakRefList.extend(findWeakRef(xValue), memo)
return weakRefList
我可能可以继续在这方面填补漏洞(例如， iter 不是我想要的字典)，但是在我投入更多时间之前，我想知道是否有人知道更容易回答.这可能是一个非常有用的通用工具.
I can probably continue plugging holes in this (the iter isn't what I'd want for dicts, for instance), but before I throw more time into it, wondering if someone knows an easier answer. It could be a pretty useful general tool.
推荐答案
这似乎是答案的开始.我必须从Python 3.2 inspect.getattr_static 移植一些项目以使其正常运行没有调用只是不断生成新对象的属性.这是我想出的代码:
This seems to be the start of an answer. I had to backport some items from the Python 3.2 inspect.getattr_static to make it work so it didn't call properties that just kept generating new objects. Here's the code I came up with:
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name: treeYield.py
# Purpose: traverse a complex datastructure and yield elements
# that fit a given criteria
#
# Authors: Michael Scott Cuthbert
#
# Copyright: Copyright © 2012 Michael Scott Cuthbert
# License: CC-BY
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import types
class TreeYielder(object):
def __init__(self, yieldValue = None):
'''
`yieldValue` should be a lambda function that
returns True/False or a function/method call that
will be passed the value of a current attribute
'''
self.currentStack = []
self.yieldValue = yieldValue
self.stackVals = []
t = types
self.nonIterables = [t.IntType, t.StringType, t.UnicodeType, t.LongType,
t.FloatType, t.NoneType, t.BooleanType]
def run(self, obj, memo = None):
'''
traverse all attributes of an object looking
for subObjects that meet a certain criteria.
yield them.
`memo` is a dictionary to keep track of objects
that have already been seen
The original object is added to the memo and
also checked for yieldValue
'''
if memo is None:
memo = {}
self.memo = memo
if id(obj) in self.memo:
self.memo[id(obj)] += 1
return
else:
self.memo[id(obj)] = 1
if self.yieldValue(obj) is True:
yield obj
### now check for sub values...
self.currentStack.append(obj)
tObj = type(obj)
if tObj in self.nonIterables:
pass
elif tObj == types.DictType:
for keyX in obj:
dictTuple = ('dict', keyX)
self.stackVals.append(dictTuple)
x = obj[keyX]
for z in self.run(x, memo=memo):
yield z
self.stackVals.pop()
elif tObj in [types.ListType, types.TupleType]:
for i,x in enumerate(obj):
listTuple = ('listLike', i)
self.stackVals.append(listTuple)
for z in self.run(x, memo=memo):
yield z
self.stackVals.pop()
else: # objects or uncaught types...
### from http://bugs.python.org/file18699/static.py
try:
instance_dict = object.__getattribute__(obj, "__dict__")
except AttributeError:
## probably uncaught static object
return
for x in instance_dict:
try:
gotValue = object.__getattribute__(obj, x)
except: # ?? property that relies on something else being set.
continue
objTuple = ('getattr', x)
self.stackVals.append(objTuple)
try:
for z in self.run(gotValue, memo=memo):
yield z
except RuntimeError:
raise Exception("Maximum recursion on:\n%s" % self.currentLevel())
self.stackVals.pop()
self.currentStack.pop()
def currentLevel(self):
currentStr = ""
for stackType, stackValue in self.stackVals:
if stackType == 'dict':
if isinstance(stackValue, str):
currentStr += "['" + stackValue + "']"
elif isinstance(stackValue, unicode):
currentStr += "[u'" + stackValue + "']"
else: # numeric key...
currentStr += "[" + str(stackValue) + "]"
elif stackType == 'listLike':
currentStr += "[" + str(stackValue) + "]"
elif stackType == 'getattr':
currentStr += ".__getattribute__('" + stackValue + "')"
else:
raise Exception("Cannot get attribute of type %s" % stackType)
return currentStr
此代码使您可以运行以下内容:
This code lets you run something like this:
class Mock(object):
def __init__(self, mockThing, embedMock = True):
self.abby = 30
self.mocker = mockThing
self.mockList = [mockThing, mockThing, 40]
self.embeddedMock = None
if embedMock is True:
self.embeddedMock = Mock(mockThing, embedMock = False)
mockType = lambda x: x.__class__.__name__ == 'Mock'
subList = [100, 60, -2]
myList = [5, 20, [5, 12, 17], 30, {'hello': 10, 'goodbye': 22, 'mock': Mock(subList)}, -20, Mock(subList)]
myList.append(myList)
ty = TreeYielder(mockType)
for val in ty.run(myList):
print(val, ty.currentLevel())
并获得:
(<__main__.Mock object at 0x01DEBD10>, "[4]['mock']")
(<__main__.Mock object at 0x01DEF370>, "[4]['mock'].__getattribute__('embeddedMock')")
(<__main__.Mock object at 0x01DEF390>, '[6]')
(<__main__.Mock object at 0x01DEF3B0>, "[6].__getattribute__('embeddedMock')")
或运行:
high = lambda x: isinstance(x, (int, float)) and x > 10
ty = TreeYielder(high)
for val in ty.run(myList):
print(val, ty.currentLevel())
并获得:
(20, '[1]')
(12, '[2][1]')
(17, '[2][2]')
(30, '[3]')
(22, "[4]['goodbye']")
(100, "[4]['mock'].__getattribute__('embeddedMock').__getattribute__('mocker')[0]")
(60, "[4]['mock'].__getattribute__('embeddedMock').__getattribute__('mocker')[1]")
(40, "[4]['mock'].__getattribute__('embeddedMock').__getattribute__('mockList')[2]")
我仍在试图找出为什么未找到.abby的原因，但我认为即使在这一点上也值得发布，因为与我刚开始时相比，它处于正确的轨道上.
I'm still trying to figure out why .abby isn't found, but I figure it's worth posting even at this point, since it's much more on the right track than I was when I started.
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