python可以编码为utf-8，但无法解码 [英] python can encode to utf-8 but can't decode

问题描述

下面的代码可以将字符串编码为Utf-8:

The Code Below Can Encode A String To Utf-8 :

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

str = 'ورود'
print(str.encode('utf-8'))

打印:

b'\xd9\x88\xd8\xb1\xd9\x88\xd8\xaf'

但是我无法使用以下代码对此字符串进行解码:

But I can't Decode This String With This Code :

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

str = b'\xd9\x88\xd8\xb1\xd9\x88\xd8\xaf'
print(str.decode('utf-8'))

错误是:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\test.py", line 5, in <module>
    print(str.decode('utf-8'))
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'

请帮助我...

从答案切换到字节串:

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

str = b'\xd9\x88\xd8\xb1\xd9\x88\xd8\xaf'
print(str.decode('utf-8'))

现在错误是:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\test.py", line 5, in <module>
    print(str.decode('utf-8'))
  File "C:\Python34\lib\encodings\cp437.py", line 19, in encode
    return codecs.charmap_encode(input,self.errors,encoding_map)[0]
UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode characters in position 0-3: character maps to <undefined>

推荐答案

您似乎正在使用Python3.X.您.encode() Unicode字符串(u'xxx'或'xxx').您.decode()字节字符串b'xxxx'.

It looks like you're using Python 3.X. You .encode() Unicode strings (u'xxx' or 'xxx'). You .decode() byte strings b'xxxx'.

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

s = b'\xd9\x88\xd8\xb1\xd9\x88\xd8\xaf'
#   ^
#   Need a 'b'
#
print(s.decode('utf-8'))

请注意，您的终端可能无法显示Unicode字符串.我的Windows控制台没有:

Note your terminal may not be able to display the Unicode string. Mine Windows console doesn't:

Python 3.3.5 (v3.3.5:62cf4e77f785, Mar  9 2014, 10:35:05) [MSC v.1600 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> s = b'\xd9\x88\xd8\xb1\xd9\x88\xd8\xaf'
>>> #   ^
... #   Need a 'b'
... #
... print(s.decode('utf-8'))
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 4, in <module>
  File "D:\dev\Python33x64\lib\encodings\cp437.py", line 19, in encode
    return codecs.charmap_encode(input,self.errors,encoding_map)[0]
UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode characters in position 0-3: character maps to <undefined>

但是确实进行解码. '\uxxxx'代表Unicode代码点.

But it does do the decode. '\uxxxx' represents a Unicode code point.

>>> s.decode('utf-8')
'\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f'

我的PythonWin IDE支持UTF-8，并且可以显示字符:

My PythonWin IDE supports UTF-8 and can display the characters:

>>> s = b'\xd9\x88\xd8\xb1\xd9\x88\xd8\xaf'
>>> print(s.decode('utf-8'))
ورود

您还可以将数据写入文件，并在支持UTF-8的编辑器(如记事本)中显示.由于您的原始字符串已经是UTF-8，因此只需将其直接作为字节写入文件即可. 'wb'以二进制模式打开文件，字节按原样写入:

You can also write the data to a file and display it in an editor that supports UTF-8, like Notepad. since your original string is already UTF-8, just write it to a file directly as bytes. 'wb' opens the file in binary mode and the bytes are written as is:

>>> with open('out.txt','wb') as f:
...     f.write(s)

如果您有Unicode字符串，则可以使用以下命令将其写为UTF-8:

If you have a Unicode string, you can write it as UTF-8 with:

>>> with open('out.txt','w',encoding='utf8') as f:
...     f.write(u)  # assuming "u" is already a decoded Unicode string.

P.S. str是内置类型.请勿将其用于变量名.

P.S. str is a built-in type. Don't use it for variable names.

Python 2.x的工作方式不同. 'xxxx'是字节字符串，u'xxxx'是Unicode字符串，但是您仍然.encode() Unicode字符串和.decode()字节字符串.

Python 2.x works differently. 'xxxx' is a byte string and u'xxxx' is a Unicode string, but you still .encode() the Unicode string and .decode() the byte string.

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