使用Selenium的WindowHandles跟踪选项卡和窗口并进行迭代的最佳方法 [英] Best way to keep track and iterate through tabs and windows using WindowHandles using Selenium

问题描述

我们正在与Selenium Webdriver一起为Internet Explorer 11进行UI测试. 在经过测试的Web应用程序中，弹出几个屏幕.在几次测试中，我们最终得到三个浏览器窗口，因此还有三个Driver.WindowHandles. 要从一个WindowHandle切换到另一个WindowHandle，我们希望将Driver.WindowHandles排序为最旧的窗口优先，最新的窗口最后.但是事实并非如此:这完全是随机的！

因为windowhandle是一个GUID，所以我们最终以WindowHandle GUID作为键创建了一个字典，该字典具有在浏览器窗口中加载的页面类型的值. 但这还导致例如在关闭窗口时维护字典.

对于这样一个简单的问题，这似乎需要做很多工作.有更好的解决方案吗?

解决方案

您说的很正确:

WindowHandles的排序方式将最旧的窗口排在最前面，最新的窗口排在最后.但是事实并非如此:完全是随机的！

在讨论中，西蒙明确提到:

While the datatype used for storing the list of handles may be ordered by insertion, the order in which the WebDriver implementation iterates over the window handles to insert them has no requirement to be stable. The ordering is arbitrary.

因此，我们将引出 WebDriverWait ，然后在每次打开新标签页/窗口时收集窗口句柄，并最终根据需要遍历窗口句柄和switchTo().window(newly_opened):

如果需要，请调整Test Environment [我的配置- Selenium:3.5.3 ， IEDriverServer:3.5.0.0(64位)， IE:v10.0 ]

Java:

package demo;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

public class NEW_TAB_Handling {

    public static void main(String[] args)  {


        System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", "C:\\Utility\\BrowserDrivers\\IEDriverServer.exe");
        WebDriver driver =  new InternetExplorerDriver();
        driver.get("http://www.google.com");
        String first_tab = driver.getWindowHandle();
        System.out.println("Working on Google");
        ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("window.open('http://facebook.com/');");
        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver,5);
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.numberOfWindowsToBe(2));
        Set<String> s1 = driver.getWindowHandles();
        Iterator<String> i1 = s1.iterator();
        while(i1.hasNext())
        {
            String next_tab = i1.next();
            if (!first_tab.equalsIgnoreCase(next_tab))
            {
                driver.switchTo().window(next_tab);

                System.out.println("Working on Facebook");
            }
        }
        String second_tab = driver.getWindowHandle();
        ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("window.open('http://youtube.com/');");
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.numberOfWindowsToBe(3));
        Set<String> s2 = driver.getWindowHandles();
        Iterator<String> i2 = s2.iterator();
        while(i2.hasNext())
        {
            String next_tab = i2.next();
            if (!first_tab.equalsIgnoreCase(next_tab) && !second_tab.equalsIgnoreCase(next_tab))
            {
                driver.switchTo().window(next_tab);
                System.out.println("Working on Youtube");
            }
        }
        driver.quit();
        System.out.println("Quit the WebDriver instance");
    }
}

控制台输出:

Working on Google
Working on Facebook
Working on Youtube
Quit the WebDriver instance

---

Outro

您可以在基于 python 的问题的讨论中找到在新标签页中打开Selenium + Python

We are working with Selenium webdriver to make UI tests for Internet Explorer 11.  In the tested webapplication there are several screens popping up. In several tests we end up with three browserswindows, so also three Driver.WindowHandles.  To switch from one WindowHandle to the other we expected that Driver.WindowHandles would be sorted like the oldest windows first and the newest windows last. But this is not the case: It is totaly random! 

Because a windowhandle is a GUID we ended up creating a dictionary with the WindowHandle GUID as key with the value of the type of page which is loaded in the browserwindow. But this also results in maintaining the dictionary when closing a window for instance. 

This seems to be a lot of work for such a simple matter. Is there a better solution for this?

解决方案

You are pretty correct when you say:

WindowHandles would be sorted like the oldest windows first and the newest windows last. But this is not the case: It is totaly random!

In a discussion, Simon clearly mentioned that:

While the datatype used for storing the list of handles may be ordered by insertion, the order in which the WebDriver implementation iterates over the window handles to insert them has no requirement to be stable. The ordering is arbitrary.

So, we will induce an WebDriverWait and then collect the window handles every time we open a new tab/window and finally iterate through the window handles and switchTo().window(newly_opened) as required:

Please adjust the Test Environment if needed [My configuration - Selenium: 3.5.3, IEDriverServer: 3.5.0.0 (64-bit), IE: v10.0]

Java:

package demo;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

public class NEW_TAB_Handling {

    public static void main(String[] args)  {


        System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", "C:\\Utility\\BrowserDrivers\\IEDriverServer.exe");
        WebDriver driver =  new InternetExplorerDriver();
        driver.get("http://www.google.com");
        String first_tab = driver.getWindowHandle();
        System.out.println("Working on Google");
        ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("window.open('http://facebook.com/');");
        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver,5);
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.numberOfWindowsToBe(2));
        Set<String> s1 = driver.getWindowHandles();
        Iterator<String> i1 = s1.iterator();
        while(i1.hasNext())
        {
            String next_tab = i1.next();
            if (!first_tab.equalsIgnoreCase(next_tab))
            {
                driver.switchTo().window(next_tab);

                System.out.println("Working on Facebook");
            }
        }
        String second_tab = driver.getWindowHandle();
        ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("window.open('http://youtube.com/');");
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.numberOfWindowsToBe(3));
        Set<String> s2 = driver.getWindowHandles();
        Iterator<String> i2 = s2.iterator();
        while(i2.hasNext())
        {
            String next_tab = i2.next();
            if (!first_tab.equalsIgnoreCase(next_tab) && !second_tab.equalsIgnoreCase(next_tab))
            {
                driver.switchTo().window(next_tab);
                System.out.println("Working on Youtube");
            }
        }
        driver.quit();
        System.out.println("Quit the WebDriver instance");
    }
}

Console Output:

Working on Google
Working on Facebook
Working on Youtube
Quit the WebDriver instance

---

Outro

You can find the python based discussion in Open web in new tab Selenium + Python

这篇关于使用Selenium的WindowHandles跟踪选项卡和窗口并进行迭代的最佳方法的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！