如何知道汇编代码是否具有特定语法(emu8086，NASM，TASM等)? [英] How to know if an assembly code has particular syntax (emu8086, NASM, TASM, ...)?
问题描述
我想知道通过查看示例源代码如何识别所使用的语法是em8086，TASM还是NASM?我是组装的新手..我想了解更多关于emu8086的信息.
I want to know how,by looking through a sample source code, recognise if the syntax used is em8086, TASM or NASM? I am a new to assembly..I would like to know more about emu8086 please.
推荐答案
NASM/YASM很容易与MASM/TASM/emu8086区分开. YASM使用NASM语法，在接受常量和指令方面稍有不同.
NASM/YASM is easy to distinguish from MASM/TASM/emu8086. YASM uses NASM syntax, with a few minor differences in what it accepts for constants and directives.
我不知道如何区分MASM和TASM，或者TASM和emu8086或FASM，所以我将其留给其他答案.
I don't know how to distinguish MASM from TASM, or TASM from emu8086, or FASM, so I'll leave that for another answer to address.
在NASM中，诸如内存操作数之类的显式大小使用dword或byte.在TASM/MASM样式中，您必须编写dword ptr或byte ptr.
In NASM, explicit sizes on things like memory operands use dword or byte. In TASM/MASM style, you have to write dword ptr or byte ptr.
在MASM(我认为是TASM/emu8086)中，裸露的符号名称是指内容.您必须使用offset foo来获取foo的地址.在NASM中，必须使用[foo]创建内存操作数，而foo是地址.
In MASM (and I think TASM/emu8086), a bare symbol name referes to the contents. You have to use offset foo to get the address of foo. In NASM, you have to use [foo] to create a memory operand, and foo is the address.
语法上也可能存在其他差异(例如，段覆盖中的差异)，但是通过查看某些内容是NASM风格还是MASM风格，这些差异就足够了.
There are probably other differences in syntax, too (e.g. in segment overrides), but these should be enough to tell by looking whether something is NASM-style or MASM-style.
NASM :
global foo
foo: ; a function called foo()
add dword [ecx], 2
add dword [counter], 1 ; Error without "dword", because neither operand implies an operand-size for the instruction. And the [] is required.
mov eax, [static_var]
mov eax, [static_array + ecx*4] ; Everything *must* be inside the []
mov esi, static_var ; mov esi,imm32 with the address of the static_var
ret
section .data
static_var: dd 0xdeadbeef ; NASM can use 0x... constant. MASM only allows 0DEADBEEFh style
section .bss
counter: resd 1 ; reserve space for one dword (initialized to zero)
buf: resb 256 ; reserve 256 bytes
请注意此处的标签名称后的:，即使是数据也是如此.建议这样做，但不是必需的:假定行首的任何未知标记都是标签，因此counter resd 1会组合在一起.但是loop resd 1不会，因为loop是有效的指令助记符.
Note the : after label names here, even for data. This is recommended but not required: any unknown token at the start of a line is assumed to be a label so counter resd 1 will assemble. But loop resd 1 won't because loop is a valid instruction mnemonic.
MASM/TASM (我可能有一些错误，我没有使用MASM或TASM):
MASM/TASM (I may have some of this wrong, I don't use MASM or TASM):
GNU GAS .intel_syntax noprefix基本相同，但没有标签的魔术操作数大小关联. GAS指令/伪指令完全不同，例如.byte 0x12与db 12h.
.CODE
foo PROC ; PROC/ENDP definitely means not NASM
add dword ptr [ecx], 2
add counter, 1 ; operand-size magically implied by the dd after the counter label. [] is optional
mov eax, static_var ; mov eax, [static_var] is the same, and recommended by some for clarity
mov eax, static_array[ecx*4] ; [ static_array + ecx*4 ] is also allowed, but not required.
mov esi, OFFSET static_var ; mov esi,imm32 with the address.
ret
ENDP
.data ; no SECTION directive, just .data directly
static_var dd 0deadbeefH
;;; With a : after the name, it would be just a label, not a "variable" with a size associated.
.bss
; (In most OSes, the BSS is initialized to zero. I assume MASM/TASM allows you to write dd 0 in the BSS, but I'm not sure)
counter: dd 0 ; reserve space for one dword (zeroed)
buf db 256 dup(?) ; reserve 256 bytes (uninitialized).
除非我另有说明，否则这些差异中的任何一个都可以肯定地表明它是NASM/YASM或MASM/TASM/emu8086
Except where I commented otherwise, any of these differences are a guaranteed sign that it's NASM/YASM or MASM/TASM/emu8086
例如如果您看到裸符号作为目标操作数(例如mov foo, eax)，则绝对不是NASM，因为mov imm32, r32没有任何意义. 除非符号实际上是寄存器的宏定义，例如%define result eax将允许mov result, 5 . (
e.g. if you ever see a bare symbol as the destination operand (e.g. mov foo, eax), it's definitely not NASM, because mov imm32, r32 makes no sense. Unless the symbol is actually a macro definition for a register, e.g. %define result eax would allow mov result, 5. (Good catch, @MichaelPetch). If the source is full of macros, then look for the defs. %define means NASM, while MACRO means MASM/TASM.
MASM/TASM没有resb/resd指令.相反，它们具有count DUP(value)，其中值可以为?.
MASM/TASM doesn't have resb / resd directives. Instead, they have count DUP(value), where value can be ?.
NASM具有times 30 db 0x10 来重复该字节0x10 30次.您可以在任何内容上使用它，甚至可以在说明中使用它.它还具有%rep指令来重复一个块.
NASM has times 30 db 0x10 to repeat the byte 0x10 30 times. You can use it on anything, even instructions. It also has %rep directives to repeat a block.
MASM和NASM具有重要的宏功能，但是它们使用不同的语法.
MASM and NASM have significant macro capabilities, but they use different syntax.
x86 标记维基的问题具有指向汇编程序的链接手册等等.
The x86 tag wiki has links to assembler manuals and much more.
- NASM
- MASM
- TASM version 5 user's guide
- GNU
as, aka gas
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