在Python的远程计算机上执行命令 [英] Execute a command on Remote Machine in Python

问题描述

我正在Ubuntu上用python编写程序，以在RaspberryPi上执行命令ls -l，并连接到网络.

I am writing a program in python on Ubuntu, to execute a command ls -l on RaspberryPi, connect with Network.

有人可以指导我该怎么做吗?

Can anybody guide me on how do I do that?

推荐答案

当然，有几种方法可以做到！

Sure, there are several ways to do it!

假设您在raspberry.lan主机上安装了Raspberry Pi，并且用户名是irfan.

Let's say you've got a Raspberry Pi on a raspberry.lan host and your username is irfan.

这是运行命令的默认Python库.
您可以使其运行ssh并在远程服务器上执行所需的任何操作.

It's the default Python library that runs commands.
You can make it run ssh and do whatever you need on a remote server.

从头开始已在他的答案中覆盖.如果您不想使用任何第三方库，则绝对应该这样做.

scrat has it covered in his answer. You definitely should do this if you don't want to use any third-party libraries.

您还可以使用 pexpect 自动输入密码/密码.

You can also automate the password/passphrase entering using pexpect.

paramiko 是添加了SSH协议支持的第三方库，因此它可以正常工作就像SSH客户端一样.

paramiko is a third-party library that adds SSH-protocol support, so it can work like an SSH-client.

将连接到服务器，执行并获取ls -l命令结果的示例代码如下所示:

The example code that would connect to the server, execute and grab the results of the ls -l command would look like that:

import paramiko

client = paramiko.SSHClient()
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
client.connect('raspberry.lan', username='irfan', password='my_strong_password')

stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command('ls -l')

for line in stdout:
    print line.strip('\n')

client.close()

织物

您还可以使用 fabric 来实现.
Fabric是一种部署工具，可以在远程服务器上执行各种命令.

fabric

You can also achieve it using fabric.
Fabric is a deployment tool which executes various commands on remote servers.

它通常用于在远程服务器上运行内容，因此您可以使用单个命令轻松地将Web应用程序的最新版本，重新启动Web服务器等等.实际上，您可以在多个服务器上运行相同的命令，太棒了！

It's often used to run stuff on a remote server, so you could easily put your latest version of the web application, restart a web-server and whatnot with a single command. Actually, you can run the same command on multiple servers, which is awesome!

尽管它是作为部署和远程管理工具而制成的，但是您仍然可以使用它来执行基本命令.

Though it was made as a deploying and remote management tool, you still can use it to execute basic commands.

# fabfile.py
from fabric.api import *

def list_files():
    with cd('/'):  # change the directory to '/'
        result = run('ls -l')  # run a 'ls -l' command
        # you can do something with the result here,
        # though it will still be displayed in fabric itself.

这就像在远程服务器中键入cd /和ls -l一样，因此您将在根文件夹中获得目录列表.

It's like typing cd / and ls -l in the remote server, so you'll get the list of directories in your root folder.

然后在shell中运行:

Then run in the shell:

fab list_files

它将提示输入服务器地址:

It will prompt for an server address:

No hosts found. Please specify (single) host string for connection: [e-mail]

---

快速注释:您还可以直接在fab命令中分配用户名和主机:

---

A quick note: You can also assign a username and a host right in a fab command:

fab list_files -U irfan -H raspberry.lan

或者您可以将主机放入fabfile中的env.hosts变量. 此处是操作方法.

Or you could put a host into the env.hosts variable in your fabfile. Here's how to do it.

然后将提示您输入SSH密码:

Then you'll be prompted for a SSH password:

[[e-mail]] run: ls -l
[[e-mail]] Login password for 'irfan':

然后命令将成功运行.

[[e-mail]] out: total 84
[[e-mail]] out: drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Feb  9 05:54 bin
[[e-mail]] out: drwxr-xr-x   3 root root  4096 Dec 19 08:19 boot
...

这篇关于在Python的远程计算机上执行命令的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！