在单元测试中模拟open(file_name) [英] Mocking open(file_name) in unit tests

问题描述

我有一个源代码，可以打开一个csv文件并设置一个标头来 价值关联.源代码如下:

I have a source code that opens a csv file and sets up a header to value association. The source code is given below:

def ParseCsvFile(source): 
  """Parse the csv file. 
  Args: 
    source: file to be parsed

  Returns: the list of dictionary entities; each dictionary contains
             attribute to value mapping or its equivalent. 
  """ 
  global rack_file 
  rack_type_file = None 
  try: 
    rack_file = source 
    rack_type_file = open(rack_file)  # Need to mock this line.
    headers = rack_type_file.readline().split(',') 
    length = len(headers) 
    reader = csv.reader(rack_type_file, delimiter=',') 
    attributes_list=[] # list of dictionaries. 
    for line in reader: 
      # More process to happeng. Converting the rack name to sequence. 
      attributes_list.append(dict((headers[i],
                                   line[i]) for i in range(length))) 
    return attributes_list 
  except IOError, (errno, strerror): 
    logging.error("I/O error(%s): %s" % (errno, strerror)) 
  except IndexError, (errno, strerror): 
    logging.error('Index Error(%s), %s' %(errno, strerror)) 
  finally: 
    rack_type_file.close() 

我正在尝试模拟以下语句

I am trying to mock the following statement

rack_type_file = open(rack_file) 

如何模拟open(...)函数?

How do I mock open(...) function?

推荐答案

这是一个古老的问题，因此某些答案已过时.

This is admittedly an old question, hence some of the answers are outdated.

在mock库的当前版本中，有一个专门用于此目的的便捷功能.运作方式如下:

In the current version of the mock library there is a convenience function designed for precisely this purpose. Here's how it works:

>>> from mock import mock_open
>>> m = mock_open()
>>> with patch('__main__.open', m, create=True):
...     with open('foo', 'w') as h:
...         h.write('some stuff')
...
>>> m.mock_calls
[call('foo', 'w'),
 call().__enter__(),
 call().write('some stuff'),
 call().__exit__(None, None, None)]
>>> m.assert_called_once_with('foo', 'w')
>>> handle = m()
>>> handle.write.assert_called_once_with('some stuff')

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