NoCredentialsError:无法找到凭证-Python模块Boto3 [英] NoCredentialsError : Unable to locate credentials - python module boto3
问题描述
我正在python虚拟环境(virtualenv)中运行django. django网站由apache2通过亚马逊ec2实例(ubuntu 16.04)提供服务.我使用boto3模块写入Amazon s3.
I am running django in a python virtual environment(virtualenv). The django website is served by apache2 from an amazon ec2 instance(ubuntu 16.04). I use boto3 module to write to amazon s3.
我安装了awscli并运行了aws configure，并正确设置了我的AWS访问密钥. (我知道我配置正确，因为$ aws s3 ls返回了我的s3存储桶的正确列表.)
I installed awscli and ran aws configure and set up my aws access keys correctly. ( I know I configured it correctly, because $ aws s3 ls returns the correct lists of my s3 buckets.)
但是，当我尝试从Django应用程序向s3中写入一些对象时，它无法产生标题中所述的错误.
However, when I try to write some objects to s3 from django application, it fails producing the error as described in the title.
我最近移到了一个新实例，并开始使用python虚拟环境.在此之前，它曾经可以正常工作.我已经阅读了有关SO和AWS文档的问题.下面是堆栈跟踪.
I recently moved to a new instance and started using python virtual environments. Before that, it used to work fine. I have read the questions on SO and the docs from aws. Below is the stack trace.
Environment:
Request Method: POST
Request URL: http://*******/product/4
Django Version: 1.10.6
Python Version: 3.5.2
Installed Applications:
('django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'abc.apps.abcdirectConfig')
Installed Middleware:
('django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware')
Traceback:
File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py" in inner
42. response = get_response(request)
File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in _legacy_get_response
249. response = self._get_response(request)
File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in _get_response
187. response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in _get_response
185. response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/decorators.py" in _wrapped_view
23. return view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/abcdirect/abcdirect/views.py" in view_product
385. s3.Bucket('abccms').put_object(Key=s3_file_name, Body=s3_file_data)
File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/boto3/resources/factory.py" in do_action
520. response = action(self, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/boto3/resources/action.py" in __call__
83. response = getattr(parent.meta.client, operation_name)(**params)
File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/client.py" in _api_call
253. return self._make_api_call(operation_name, kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/client.py" in _make_api_call
530. operation_model, request_dict)
File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/endpoint.py" in make_request
141. return self._send_request(request_dict, operation_model)
File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/endpoint.py" in _send_request
166. request = self.create_request(request_dict, operation_model)
File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/endpoint.py" in create_request
150. operation_name=operation_model.name)
File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/hooks.py" in emit
227. return self._emit(event_name, kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/hooks.py" in _emit
210. response = handler(**kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/signers.py" in handler
90. return self.sign(operation_name, request)
File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/signers.py" in sign
147. auth.add_auth(request)
File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/auth.py" in add_auth
679. raise NoCredentialsError
Exception Type: NoCredentialsError at /product/4
Exception Value: Unable to locate credentials
推荐答案
我弄清楚了我得到该错误的原因.我正在发布答案，以防万一其他人遇到此问题.
I figured out the reason I was getting the error. I am posting the answer just in case someone else encounters this issue.
tl; dr:aws配置文件不在Apache的主目录中
django应用程序正在用户www-data(apache2)下运行.当我使用aws configure配置凭据时，我的设置存储在.aws/config文件中.
The django app was running under the user www-data(apache2). When I configured my credentials using aws configure, my settings were stored in .aws/config file.
.aws/configure文件存储在 my 主目录中，而不存储在 www-data (apache2)的主目录中，默认情况下，该目录为/var/www.因此，当django应用程序调用boto3模块时，该模块正在/var/www/.aws/config中查找配置文件，而我的文件在/home/ubuntu/.aws/config中.
The .aws/configure file was stored in my home directory and not in the home directory of www-data(apache2),which is /var/www by default. So when the django app called boto3 module, the module was looking for the config file in /var/www/.aws/config but my files were in /home/ubuntu/.aws/config.
只需将相关文件复制到/var/www/即可解决我的问题.
Simply copying the relevant files to /var/www/ fixed the problem for me.
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