在Android Studio中使用Room数据库关联表 [英] Associating tables using Room database in Android Studio
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问题描述
如何关联两个表，以便创建与所附加图像相匹配的数据库.
我了解到，实验ID，日期，名称必须是父表的一部分，而试验编号，变量和结果是与父表相关联的子表.但是，我不太确定如何使用Entity和Dao在Room Database持久性中实现这一点.有人可以告诉我怎么做吗?
我希望结果是，如果用户在recyclerview中选择实验，则将导致另一个活动，显示变量"和结果"的输入以在顶部添加试验，同时使用Recyclerview.
解决方案
我相信以下工作示例是实现所需目标的方法之一.
代码
实验实体(表) Experiment.java
@Entity
public class Experiment {
@PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
private long experimentId;
private String experimentName;
private String experimentDate;
public Experiment() {
}
@Ignore
public Experiment(String name, String date) {
this.experimentName = name;
this.experimentDate = date;
}
public long getExperimentId() {
return experimentId;
}
public void setExperimentId(long experimentId) {
this.experimentId = experimentId;
}
public String getExperimentName() {
return experimentName;
}
public void setExperimentName(String experimentName) {
this.experimentName = experimentName;
}
public String getExperimentDate() {
return experimentDate;
}
public void setExperimentDate(String experimentDate) {
this.experimentDate = experimentDate;
}
}
- 除了 @Ignore 的构造函数(为方便起见)以外，没有什么特别的
审判实体 Trial.java
@Entity
public class Trial {
@PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
private long trialId;
@ForeignKey(entity = Experiment.class, parentColumns = {BaseColumns._ID},childColumns = "parentExperiment", onDelete = ForeignKey.CASCADE, onUpdate = ForeignKey.CASCADE)
private long parentExperiment;
private String trialVariable;
private String trialResult;
public Trial() {
}
@Ignore
public Trial(long parentExperimentId, String variable, String result) {
this.parentExperiment = parentExperimentId;
this.trialVariable = variable;
this.trialResult = result;
}
public long getTrialId() {
return trialId;
}
public void setTrialId(long trialId) {
this.trialId = trialId;
}
public long getParentExperiment() {
return parentExperiment;
}
public void setParentExperiment(long parentExperiment) {
this.parentExperiment = parentExperiment;
}
public String getTrialVariable() {
return trialVariable;
}
public void setTrialVariable(String trialVariable) {
this.trialVariable = trialVariable;
}
public String getTrialResult() {
return trialResult;
}
public void setTrialResult(String trialResult) {
this.trialResult = trialResult;
}
}
- 除了 @Ignore 的构造函数(为方便起见)以外，没有什么特别的
Dao.java(为方便起见组合)
public interface Dao {
@Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.IGNORE)
long[] insertExperiments(Experiment... experiments);
@Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.IGNORE)
long insertExperiment(Experiment experiment);
@Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.IGNORE)
long[] insertTrials(Trial... trials);
@Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.IGNORE)
long insertTrial(Trial trial);
@Update(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.IGNORE)
int updateExperiments(Experiment... experiments);
@Update(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.IGNORE)
int updateExperiment(Experiment experiment);
@Update(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.IGNORE)
int updateTrials(Trial... trials);
@Update(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.IGNORE)
int updateTrial(Trial trial);
@Delete
int deleteExperiments(Experiment... experiments);
@Delete
int deleteExperiment(Experiment experiment);
@Delete
int deleteTrials(Trial... trials);
@Delete
int deleteTrial(Trial trial);
@Query("SELECT * FROM Experiment")
List<Experiment> getAllexperiments();
@Query("SELECT * FROM Experiment WHERE experimentDate BETWEEN :startdate AND :enddate")
List<Experiment> getExperimentsInDateRange(String startdate, String enddate);
@Query("SELECT * FROM Trial")
List<Trial> getAllTrials();
@Query("SELECT * FROM Experiment JOIN Trial ON parentExperiment = experimentId")
List<TrialWithExperiment> getExperimentsWithTrials();
public class TrialWithExperiment {
private long experimentId;
private String experimentName;
private String experimentDate;
private long trialId;
private String trialVariable;
private String trialResult;
public long getExperimentId() {
return experimentId;
}
public void setExperimentId(long experimentId) {
this.experimentId = experimentId;
}
public String getExperimentName() {
return experimentName;
}
public void setExperimentName(String experimentName) {
this.experimentName = experimentName;
}
public String getExperimentDate() {
return experimentDate;
}
public void setExperimentDate(String experimentDate) {
this.experimentDate = experimentDate;
}
public void setTrialId(long trialId) {
this.trialId = trialId;
}
public long getTrialId() {
return trialId;
}
public String getTrialVariable() {
return trialVariable;
}
public void setTrialVariable(String trialVariable) {
this.trialVariable = trialVariable;
}
public String getTrialResult() {
return trialResult;
}
public void setTrialResult(String trialResult) {
this.trialResult = trialResult;
}
}
}
- 请注意 TrialWithExperiment 类，该类定义了Trial及其拥有的Experiment的组合.
- 请注意列名如何区分，例如不仅是id，而且 experimentId 和 trialId 可以区分它们.
- 请注意最后一个@Query getExperimentsWithTrials()，这将返回带有试验的试验列表.
@Database ExperimentDatabase.java
@Database(entities = {Experiment.class, Trial.class}, version = 1,exportSchema = false)
public abstract class ExperimentDatabase extends RoomDatabase {
public abstract Dao getDao();
}
最后是利用以上内容的活动:-
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
ExperimentDatabase mDB;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mDB = Room.databaseBuilder(this,ExperimentDatabase.class,"experimentdb").allowMainThreadQueries().build();
mDB.getDao().insertExperiments(new Experiment[]{
new Experiment("Experiment 1","2019-01-01"),
new Experiment("Experiment 2", "2019-02-01")
});
List<Experiment> experiments = mDB.getDao().getExperimentsInDateRange("2019-01-01","2019-12-31");
for (Experiment e: experiments) {
Log.d("EXPERIMENTS", "Experiment is " + e.getExperimentName() + " on " + e.getExperimentDate());
}
experiments = mDB.getDao().getAllexperiments();
for (Experiment e: experiments) {
Log.d("EXPERIMENTS", "Experiment is " + e.getExperimentName() + " on " + e.getExperimentDate());
}
for (Experiment e: experiments) {
mDB.getDao().insertTrial(
new Trial(
e.getExperimentId(),
"Variable for " + e.getExperimentName(),
"Result for Experiment on " + e.getExperimentDate()
)
);
}
List<Trial> trials = mDB.getDao().getAllTrials();
for (Trial t: trials ) {
Log.d("TRIAL ",
"Trial is for ExperimentID " + String.valueOf(t.getParentExperiment()) +
"\n\tVariable = " + t.getTrialVariable() +
"Result = " + t.getTrialResult()
);
}
List<Dao.TrialWithExperiment> trialsWithExperiments = mDB.getDao().getExperimentsWithTrials();
for (Dao.TrialWithExperiment te:trialsWithExperiments) {
Log.d(
"TRIALWITHEXPERIMENT",
"Experiment Name = " + te.getExperimentName() +
"\n\tExperiment Date = " + te.getExperimentDate() +
"\n\t\tTrial Variable = " + te.getTrialVariable() +
"\n\t\tTrial Result = " + te.getTrialResult()
);
}
}
}
此:-
- 添加2个实验(每次运行)
- 检索日期范围内的实验(假定采用SQLite认可的日期格式)，并将其输出到日志中.
- 检索所有实验并将其输出到日志中.
- 使用实验列表为每个实验添加一个试验.
- 检索所有试用版并将其输出到日志中.
- 与父实验一起检索所有试验，并将它们输出到日志中.
结果
05-28 10:19:42.770 5750-5750/? D/EXPERIMENTS: Experiment is Experiment 1 on 2019-01-01 05-28 10:19:42.770 5750-5750/? D/EXPERIMENTS: Experiment is Experiment 2 on 2019-02-01 05-28 10:19:42.776 5750-5750/? D/EXPERIMENTS: Experiment is Experiment 1 on 2019-01-01 05-28 10:19:42.776 5750-5750/? D/EXPERIMENTS: Experiment is Experiment 2 on 2019-02-01 05-28 10:19:42.786 5750-5750/? D/TRIAL: Trial is for ExperimentID 1 Variable = Variable for Experiment 1Result = Result for Experiment on 2019-01-01 05-28 10:19:42.786 5750-5750/? D/TRIAL: Trial is for ExperimentID 2 Variable = Variable for Experiment 2Result = Result for Experiment on 2019-02-01 05-28 10:19:42.787 5750-5750/? D/TRIALWITHEXPERIMENT: Experiment Name = Experiment 1 Experiment Date = 2019-01-01 Trial Variable = Variable for Experiment 1 Trial Result = Result for Experiment on 2019-01-01 05-28 10:19:42.787 5750-5750/? D/TRIALWITHEXPERIMENT: Experiment Name = Experiment 2 Experiment Date = 2019-02-01 Trial Variable = Variable for Experiment 2 Trial Result = Result for Experiment on 2019-02-01
替代/附加
另一种方法可能是利用 @Relation 在每个实验中创建一个对象，该对象包括该对象中相关/相关试验的列表.
在上面的内容上进行扩展，然后可以将以下内容添加到 Dao.java
@Query("SELECT * FROM Experiment")
List<ExperimentWithTrials> getExperimentsAndTrials();
class ExperimentWithTrials {
private long experimentId;
private String experimentName;
private String experimentDate;
@Relation(parentColumn = "experimentId", entityColumn = "parentExperiment")
List<Trial> trials;
public long getExperimentId() {
return experimentId;
}
public void setExperimentId(long experimentId) {
this.experimentId = experimentId;
}
public String getExperimentName() {
return experimentName;
}
public void setExperimentName(String experimentName) {
this.experimentName = experimentName;
}
public String getExperimentDate() {
return experimentDate;
}
public void setExperimentDate(String experimentDate) {
this.experimentDate = experimentDate;
}
public List<Trial> getTrials() {
return trials;
}
public void setTrials(List<Trial> trials) {
this.trials = trials;
}
}
，然后可以将以下内容添加到 MainActivity.java
List<Dao.ExperimentWithTrials> experimentsWithTrials = mDB.getDao().getExperimentsAndTrials();
for (Dao.ExperimentWithTrials et: experimentsWithTrials ) {
Log.d(
"EXPERIMENTANDTRIALS",
"Experiment Name = " + et.getExperimentName() +
"\n\tExperiment Date = " + et.getExperimentDate()
);
for (Trial t: et.getTrials()) {
Log.d(
"TRIALFOREXPERIMENT",
"\t\tVariable = " + t.getTrialVariable() +
"\n\t\tResult = " + t.getTrialResult()
);
}
}
}
-
请注意，如何通过遍历嵌入在 ExperimentWithTrials 对象中的Trials列表(而不是前一个实验和Trial组合数据的列表)来获得Trials.
>
- 这可能是纯粹的面向对象方法.
- 但是，SQLite明智的做法是运行多个查询，因此看起来很麻烦/效率低下.一个获得实验，然后另一个获得每个实验的基础试验.
结果附加输出
05-28 13:05:35.052 6524-6524/? D/EXPERIMENTANDTRIALS: Experiment Name = Experiment 1 Experiment Date = 2019-01-01 05-28 13:05:35.052 6524-6524/? D/TRIALFOREXPERIMENT: Variable = Variable for Experiment 1 Result = Result for Experiment on 2019-01-01 05-28 13:05:35.052 6524-6524/? D/EXPERIMENTANDTRIALS: Experiment Name = Experiment 2 Experiment Date = 2019-02-01 05-28 13:05:35.052 6524-6524/? D/TRIALFOREXPERIMENT: Variable = Variable for Experiment 2 Result = Result for Experiment on 2019-02-01
- 请注意，为方便起见，以上所有操作均在主线程上运行(即已使用 .allowMainThreadQueries()).如果遵循建议，则所有数据库访问都将通过另一个线程进行，在这种情况下，建议使用@Transaction批注进行查询.
How can I associate two tables so that I can create a database that sort of matches the image attached.
I understand that the experiment ID, Date, Name has to be part of the parent table, with the Trial #, Variable, and Result be the child table associated to the parent table. However, I'm not very sure how to implement this in Room Database persistence using Entity and Dao. Can someone show me how?
I want the results to be that if the user selects the experiment in a recyclerview, it will be lead to another activity showing inputs of Variable and Result to add trials at the top while displaying the results of just that experiment below using a Recyclerview.
解决方案
I believe the following Working Example is one of the ways that you can achieve what you want.
The Code
The Experiment Entity (table) Experiment.java
@Entity
public class Experiment {
@PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
private long experimentId;
private String experimentName;
private String experimentDate;
public Experiment() {
}
@Ignore
public Experiment(String name, String date) {
this.experimentName = name;
this.experimentDate = date;
}
public long getExperimentId() {
return experimentId;
}
public void setExperimentId(long experimentId) {
this.experimentId = experimentId;
}
public String getExperimentName() {
return experimentName;
}
public void setExperimentName(String experimentName) {
this.experimentName = experimentName;
}
public String getExperimentDate() {
return experimentDate;
}
public void setExperimentDate(String experimentDate) {
this.experimentDate = experimentDate;
}
}
- Nothing special except perhaps the @Ignore'd constructor (for convenience)
The Trial Entity Trial.java
@Entity
public class Trial {
@PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
private long trialId;
@ForeignKey(entity = Experiment.class, parentColumns = {BaseColumns._ID},childColumns = "parentExperiment", onDelete = ForeignKey.CASCADE, onUpdate = ForeignKey.CASCADE)
private long parentExperiment;
private String trialVariable;
private String trialResult;
public Trial() {
}
@Ignore
public Trial(long parentExperimentId, String variable, String result) {
this.parentExperiment = parentExperimentId;
this.trialVariable = variable;
this.trialResult = result;
}
public long getTrialId() {
return trialId;
}
public void setTrialId(long trialId) {
this.trialId = trialId;
}
public long getParentExperiment() {
return parentExperiment;
}
public void setParentExperiment(long parentExperiment) {
this.parentExperiment = parentExperiment;
}
public String getTrialVariable() {
return trialVariable;
}
public void setTrialVariable(String trialVariable) {
this.trialVariable = trialVariable;
}
public String getTrialResult() {
return trialResult;
}
public void setTrialResult(String trialResult) {
this.trialResult = trialResult;
}
}
- Nothing special except perhaps the @Ignore'd constructor (for convenience)
Dao.java (combined for convenience)
public interface Dao {
@Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.IGNORE)
long[] insertExperiments(Experiment... experiments);
@Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.IGNORE)
long insertExperiment(Experiment experiment);
@Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.IGNORE)
long[] insertTrials(Trial... trials);
@Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.IGNORE)
long insertTrial(Trial trial);
@Update(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.IGNORE)
int updateExperiments(Experiment... experiments);
@Update(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.IGNORE)
int updateExperiment(Experiment experiment);
@Update(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.IGNORE)
int updateTrials(Trial... trials);
@Update(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.IGNORE)
int updateTrial(Trial trial);
@Delete
int deleteExperiments(Experiment... experiments);
@Delete
int deleteExperiment(Experiment experiment);
@Delete
int deleteTrials(Trial... trials);
@Delete
int deleteTrial(Trial trial);
@Query("SELECT * FROM Experiment")
List<Experiment> getAllexperiments();
@Query("SELECT * FROM Experiment WHERE experimentDate BETWEEN :startdate AND :enddate")
List<Experiment> getExperimentsInDateRange(String startdate, String enddate);
@Query("SELECT * FROM Trial")
List<Trial> getAllTrials();
@Query("SELECT * FROM Experiment JOIN Trial ON parentExperiment = experimentId")
List<TrialWithExperiment> getExperimentsWithTrials();
public class TrialWithExperiment {
private long experimentId;
private String experimentName;
private String experimentDate;
private long trialId;
private String trialVariable;
private String trialResult;
public long getExperimentId() {
return experimentId;
}
public void setExperimentId(long experimentId) {
this.experimentId = experimentId;
}
public String getExperimentName() {
return experimentName;
}
public void setExperimentName(String experimentName) {
this.experimentName = experimentName;
}
public String getExperimentDate() {
return experimentDate;
}
public void setExperimentDate(String experimentDate) {
this.experimentDate = experimentDate;
}
public void setTrialId(long trialId) {
this.trialId = trialId;
}
public long getTrialId() {
return trialId;
}
public String getTrialVariable() {
return trialVariable;
}
public void setTrialVariable(String trialVariable) {
this.trialVariable = trialVariable;
}
public String getTrialResult() {
return trialResult;
}
public void setTrialResult(String trialResult) {
this.trialResult = trialResult;
}
}
}
- Note the TrialWithExperiment class, this defines a combination of a Trial and it's owning Experiment.
- Note how column names are distinct e.g. no just id but experimentId and trialId differentiates them.
- Note the last @Query getExperimentsWithTrials() this will return a list of Trials with their experiments.
The @Database ExperimentDatabase.java
@Database(entities = {Experiment.class, Trial.class}, version = 1,exportSchema = false)
public abstract class ExperimentDatabase extends RoomDatabase {
public abstract Dao getDao();
}
Finally an activity that utilises the above :-
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
ExperimentDatabase mDB;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mDB = Room.databaseBuilder(this,ExperimentDatabase.class,"experimentdb").allowMainThreadQueries().build();
mDB.getDao().insertExperiments(new Experiment[]{
new Experiment("Experiment 1","2019-01-01"),
new Experiment("Experiment 2", "2019-02-01")
});
List<Experiment> experiments = mDB.getDao().getExperimentsInDateRange("2019-01-01","2019-12-31");
for (Experiment e: experiments) {
Log.d("EXPERIMENTS", "Experiment is " + e.getExperimentName() + " on " + e.getExperimentDate());
}
experiments = mDB.getDao().getAllexperiments();
for (Experiment e: experiments) {
Log.d("EXPERIMENTS", "Experiment is " + e.getExperimentName() + " on " + e.getExperimentDate());
}
for (Experiment e: experiments) {
mDB.getDao().insertTrial(
new Trial(
e.getExperimentId(),
"Variable for " + e.getExperimentName(),
"Result for Experiment on " + e.getExperimentDate()
)
);
}
List<Trial> trials = mDB.getDao().getAllTrials();
for (Trial t: trials ) {
Log.d("TRIAL ",
"Trial is for ExperimentID " + String.valueOf(t.getParentExperiment()) +
"\n\tVariable = " + t.getTrialVariable() +
"Result = " + t.getTrialResult()
);
}
List<Dao.TrialWithExperiment> trialsWithExperiments = mDB.getDao().getExperimentsWithTrials();
for (Dao.TrialWithExperiment te:trialsWithExperiments) {
Log.d(
"TRIALWITHEXPERIMENT",
"Experiment Name = " + te.getExperimentName() +
"\n\tExperiment Date = " + te.getExperimentDate() +
"\n\t\tTrial Variable = " + te.getTrialVariable() +
"\n\t\tTrial Result = " + te.getTrialResult()
);
}
}
}
This :-
- Adds 2 experiments (every run)
- Retrieves Experiments in a date range (this assumes an SQLite recognised date format) and outputs them to the log.
- Retrieves all Experiments and outputs them to the log.
- Uses the List of experiments to add a Trial to each experiment.
- Retrieves all Trials and outputs them to the log.
- Retrieves all Trials along with the parent Experiment and outputs them to the log.
The Result
05-28 10:19:42.770 5750-5750/? D/EXPERIMENTS: Experiment is Experiment 1 on 2019-01-01 05-28 10:19:42.770 5750-5750/? D/EXPERIMENTS: Experiment is Experiment 2 on 2019-02-01 05-28 10:19:42.776 5750-5750/? D/EXPERIMENTS: Experiment is Experiment 1 on 2019-01-01 05-28 10:19:42.776 5750-5750/? D/EXPERIMENTS: Experiment is Experiment 2 on 2019-02-01 05-28 10:19:42.786 5750-5750/? D/TRIAL: Trial is for ExperimentID 1 Variable = Variable for Experiment 1Result = Result for Experiment on 2019-01-01 05-28 10:19:42.786 5750-5750/? D/TRIAL: Trial is for ExperimentID 2 Variable = Variable for Experiment 2Result = Result for Experiment on 2019-02-01 05-28 10:19:42.787 5750-5750/? D/TRIALWITHEXPERIMENT: Experiment Name = Experiment 1 Experiment Date = 2019-01-01 Trial Variable = Variable for Experiment 1 Trial Result = Result for Experiment on 2019-01-01 05-28 10:19:42.787 5750-5750/? D/TRIALWITHEXPERIMENT: Experiment Name = Experiment 2 Experiment Date = 2019-02-01 Trial Variable = Variable for Experiment 2 Trial Result = Result for Experiment on 2019-02-01
Alternative/Additional
Another approach could be to utilise @Relation to create an object per Experiment that includes a list of the related/associated Trial(s) in that object.
Expanding upon the above then the following could be added to Dao.java
@Query("SELECT * FROM Experiment")
List<ExperimentWithTrials> getExperimentsAndTrials();
class ExperimentWithTrials {
private long experimentId;
private String experimentName;
private String experimentDate;
@Relation(parentColumn = "experimentId", entityColumn = "parentExperiment")
List<Trial> trials;
public long getExperimentId() {
return experimentId;
}
public void setExperimentId(long experimentId) {
this.experimentId = experimentId;
}
public String getExperimentName() {
return experimentName;
}
public void setExperimentName(String experimentName) {
this.experimentName = experimentName;
}
public String getExperimentDate() {
return experimentDate;
}
public void setExperimentDate(String experimentDate) {
this.experimentDate = experimentDate;
}
public List<Trial> getTrials() {
return trials;
}
public void setTrials(List<Trial> trials) {
this.trials = trials;
}
}
and then the following could be added to MainActivity.java
List<Dao.ExperimentWithTrials> experimentsWithTrials = mDB.getDao().getExperimentsAndTrials();
for (Dao.ExperimentWithTrials et: experimentsWithTrials ) {
Log.d(
"EXPERIMENTANDTRIALS",
"Experiment Name = " + et.getExperimentName() +
"\n\tExperiment Date = " + et.getExperimentDate()
);
for (Trial t: et.getTrials()) {
Log.d(
"TRIALFOREXPERIMENT",
"\t\tVariable = " + t.getTrialVariable() +
"\n\t\tResult = " + t.getTrialResult()
);
}
}
}
Note how the Trials are obtained via the looping through the list of Trials embedded with the ExperimentWithTrials object, as opposed to the list of combined Experiment and Trial data from the previous.
- This probably to purer OO way.
- However, SQLite wise this appears to be cumbersome/inefficient as it appears to run multiple queries. One to get the Experiments and then another to get the underlying Trials for each experiment.
Resultant additional output
05-28 13:05:35.052 6524-6524/? D/EXPERIMENTANDTRIALS: Experiment Name = Experiment 1 Experiment Date = 2019-01-01 05-28 13:05:35.052 6524-6524/? D/TRIALFOREXPERIMENT: Variable = Variable for Experiment 1 Result = Result for Experiment on 2019-01-01 05-28 13:05:35.052 6524-6524/? D/EXPERIMENTANDTRIALS: Experiment Name = Experiment 2 Experiment Date = 2019-02-01 05-28 13:05:35.052 6524-6524/? D/TRIALFOREXPERIMENT: Variable = Variable for Experiment 2 Result = Result for Experiment on 2019-02-01
- Note that for convenience all of the above has been run on the main thread (i.e .allowMainThreadQueries() has been used). If you follow recommendations the all database access would be via another thread, in which case the @Transaction annotation is advised for queries.
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