python argparse-在不使用命令行的情况下传递值 [英] python argparse - pass values WITHOUT command line
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问题描述
我认为我不了解有关python的argparse的一些基本知识.
我正在尝试将Google YouTube API用于python脚本，但是我不理解如何在不使用命令行的情况下将值传递给脚本.
例如，此处是该API的示例. github和其他地方的示例显示此示例是从命令行调用的，在调用脚本时从此处传递argparse值.
我不想使用命令行.我正在构建一个使用装饰器获取用户登录凭据的应用，当该用户想要上传到其YouTube帐户时，他们提交了一个表单，该表单随后将调用此脚本并将argparse值传递给该脚本.
如何从另一个python脚本将值传递给argparser(YouTube上载API脚本中的部分代码，请参见下文)?
if __name__ == '__main__':
argparser.add_argument("--file", required=True, help="Video file to upload")
argparser.add_argument("--title", help="Video title", default="Test Title")
argparser.add_argument("--description", help="Video description",
default="Test Description")
argparser.add_argument("--category", default="22",
help="Numeric video category. " +
"See https://developers.google.com/youtube/v3/docs/videoCategories/list")
argparser.add_argument("--keywords", help="Video keywords, comma separated",
default="")
argparser.add_argument("--privacyStatus", choices=VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES,
default=VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES[0], help="Video privacy status.")
args = argparser.parse_args()
if not os.path.exists(args.file):
exit("Please specify a valid file using the --file= parameter.")
youtube = get_authenticated_service(args)
try:
initialize_upload(youtube, args)
except HttpError, e:
print "An HTTP error %d occurred:\n%s" % (e.resp.status, e.content)
根据请求，这是400错误的追溯，我使用标准方法初始化字典或使用argparse创建字典.我以为是由于参数格式错误而得到的，但也许不是:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\google_appengine\lib\webapp2-2.5.2\webapp2.py", line 1535, in __call__
rv = self.handle_exception(request, response, e)
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\google_appengine\lib\webapp2-2.5.2\webapp2.py", line 1529, in __call__
rv = self.router.dispatch(request, response)
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\google_appengine\lib\webapp2-2.5.2\webapp2.py", line 1278, in default_dispatcher
return route.handler_adapter(request, response)
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\google_appengine\lib\webapp2-2.5.2\webapp2.py", line 1102, in __call__
return handler.dispatch()
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\google_appengine\lib\webapp2-2.5.2\webapp2.py", line 572, in dispatch
return self.handle_exception(e, self.app.debug)
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\google_appengine\lib\webapp2-2.5.2\webapp2.py", line 570, in dispatch
return method(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\...\testapp\oauth2client\appengine.py", line 796, in setup_oauth
resp = method(request_handler, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\...\testapp\testapp.py", line 116, in get
resumable_upload(insert_request)
File "C:\Users\...\testapp\testapp.py", line 183, in resumable_upload
status, response = insert_request.next_chunk()
File "C:\Users\...\testapp\oauth2client\util.py", line 129, in positional_wrapper
return wrapped(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\...\testapp\apiclient\http.py", line 874, in next_chunk
return self._process_response(resp, content)
File "C:\Users\...\testapp\apiclient\http.py", line 901, in _process_response
raise HttpError(resp, content, uri=self.uri)
HttpError: <HttpError 400 when requesting https://www.googleapis.com/upload/youtube/v3/videos?alt=json&part=status%2Csnippet&uploadType=resumable returned "Bad Request">
解决方案
这是否是最好的方法，确实需要您弄清楚.但是，使用不带命令行的argparse是很容易的.我一直都这样做，因为我有可以从命令行运行的批处理.或者也可以由其他代码调用-如前所述，这对于单元测试非常有用. argparse特别擅长例如默认参数.
从样本开始.
import argparse
argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
argparser.add_argument("--file", required=True, help="Video file to upload")
argparser.add_argument("--title", help="Video title", default="Test Title")
argparser.add_argument("--description", help="Video description",
default="Test Description")
argparser.add_argument("--category", default="22",
help="Numeric video category. " +
"See https://developers.google.com/youtube/v3/docs/videoCategories/list")
argparser.add_argument("--keywords", help="Video keywords, comma separated",
default="")
VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES = ("private","public")
argparser.add_argument("--privacyStatus", choices=VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES,
default=VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES[0], help="Video privacy status.")
#pass in any positional or required variables.. as strings in a list
#which corresponds to sys.argv[1:]. Not a string => arcane errors.
args = argparser.parse_args(["--file", "myfile.avi"])
#you can populate other optional parameters, not just positionals/required
#args = argparser.parse_args(["--file", "myfile.avi", "--title", "my title"])
print vars(args)
#modify them as you see fit, but no more validation is taking place
#so best to use parse_args.
args.privacyStatus = "some status not in choices - already parsed"
args.category = 42
print vars(args)
#proceed as before, the system doesn't care if it came from the command line or not
# youtube = get_authenticated_service(args)
输出:
{'category': '22', 'description': 'Test Description', 'title': 'Test Title', 'privacyStatus': 'private', 'file': 'myfile.avi', 'keywords': ''}
{'category': 42, 'description': 'Test Description', 'title': 'Test Title', 'privacyStatus': 'some status not in choices - already parsed', 'file': 'myfile.avi', 'keywords': ''}
I think I'm not understanding something basic about python's argparse.
I am trying to use the Google YouTube API for python script, but I am not understanding how to pass values to the script without using the command line.
For example, here is the example for the API. The examples on github and elsewhere show this example as being called from the command line, from where the argparse values are passed when the script is called.
I don't want to use the command line. I am building an app that uses a decorator to obtain login credentials for the user, and when that user wants to upload to their YouTube account, they submit a form which will then call this script and have the argparse values passed to it.
How do I pass values to argparser (see below for portion of code in YouTube upload API script) from another python script?
if __name__ == '__main__':
argparser.add_argument("--file", required=True, help="Video file to upload")
argparser.add_argument("--title", help="Video title", default="Test Title")
argparser.add_argument("--description", help="Video description",
default="Test Description")
argparser.add_argument("--category", default="22",
help="Numeric video category. " +
"See https://developers.google.com/youtube/v3/docs/videoCategories/list")
argparser.add_argument("--keywords", help="Video keywords, comma separated",
default="")
argparser.add_argument("--privacyStatus", choices=VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES,
default=VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES[0], help="Video privacy status.")
args = argparser.parse_args()
if not os.path.exists(args.file):
exit("Please specify a valid file using the --file= parameter.")
youtube = get_authenticated_service(args)
try:
initialize_upload(youtube, args)
except HttpError, e:
print "An HTTP error %d occurred:\n%s" % (e.resp.status, e.content)
EDIT: Per request, here is the traceback for the 400 Error I am getting using either the standard method to initialize a dictionary or using argparse to create a dictionary. I thought I was getting this due to badly formed parameters, but perhaps not:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\google_appengine\lib\webapp2-2.5.2\webapp2.py", line 1535, in __call__
rv = self.handle_exception(request, response, e)
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\google_appengine\lib\webapp2-2.5.2\webapp2.py", line 1529, in __call__
rv = self.router.dispatch(request, response)
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\google_appengine\lib\webapp2-2.5.2\webapp2.py", line 1278, in default_dispatcher
return route.handler_adapter(request, response)
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\google_appengine\lib\webapp2-2.5.2\webapp2.py", line 1102, in __call__
return handler.dispatch()
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\google_appengine\lib\webapp2-2.5.2\webapp2.py", line 572, in dispatch
return self.handle_exception(e, self.app.debug)
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\google_appengine\lib\webapp2-2.5.2\webapp2.py", line 570, in dispatch
return method(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\...\testapp\oauth2client\appengine.py", line 796, in setup_oauth
resp = method(request_handler, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\...\testapp\testapp.py", line 116, in get
resumable_upload(insert_request)
File "C:\Users\...\testapp\testapp.py", line 183, in resumable_upload
status, response = insert_request.next_chunk()
File "C:\Users\...\testapp\oauth2client\util.py", line 129, in positional_wrapper
return wrapped(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\...\testapp\apiclient\http.py", line 874, in next_chunk
return self._process_response(resp, content)
File "C:\Users\...\testapp\apiclient\http.py", line 901, in _process_response
raise HttpError(resp, content, uri=self.uri)
HttpError: <HttpError 400 when requesting https://www.googleapis.com/upload/youtube/v3/videos?alt=json&part=status%2Csnippet&uploadType=resumable returned "Bad Request">
解决方案
Whether it is the best approach or not is really for you to figure out. But using argparse without command line is easy. I do it all the time because I have batches that can be run from the command line. Or can also be called by other code - which is great for unit testing, as mentioned. argparse is especially good at defaulting parameters for example.
Starting with your sample.
import argparse
argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
argparser.add_argument("--file", required=True, help="Video file to upload")
argparser.add_argument("--title", help="Video title", default="Test Title")
argparser.add_argument("--description", help="Video description",
default="Test Description")
argparser.add_argument("--category", default="22",
help="Numeric video category. " +
"See https://developers.google.com/youtube/v3/docs/videoCategories/list")
argparser.add_argument("--keywords", help="Video keywords, comma separated",
default="")
VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES = ("private","public")
argparser.add_argument("--privacyStatus", choices=VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES,
default=VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES[0], help="Video privacy status.")
#pass in any positional or required variables.. as strings in a list
#which corresponds to sys.argv[1:]. Not a string => arcane errors.
args = argparser.parse_args(["--file", "myfile.avi"])
#you can populate other optional parameters, not just positionals/required
#args = argparser.parse_args(["--file", "myfile.avi", "--title", "my title"])
print vars(args)
#modify them as you see fit, but no more validation is taking place
#so best to use parse_args.
args.privacyStatus = "some status not in choices - already parsed"
args.category = 42
print vars(args)
#proceed as before, the system doesn't care if it came from the command line or not
# youtube = get_authenticated_service(args)
output:
{'category': '22', 'description': 'Test Description', 'title': 'Test Title', 'privacyStatus': 'private', 'file': 'myfile.avi', 'keywords': ''}
{'category': 42, 'description': 'Test Description', 'title': 'Test Title', 'privacyStatus': 'some status not in choices - already parsed', 'file': 'myfile.avi', 'keywords': ''}
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