如何使awk产生列 [英] How to make awk produce columns

问题描述

我有一个包含两列的文件.此文件中的每一行都有不同的单词大小

I have a file with two columns. Each line in this file has a different size of words

awk '$5=$9' FS="#" OFS="\t" file1**


Tomato#Vegetable
Orange#Fruit
Cucumber#Vegetable
Sweat Potato#Fruit

这行代码使它像这样:

Tomato   Vegetable
Orange   Fruit
Cucumber   Vegetable
Sweat Potato    Fruit

我正试图使该文件显示如下:

I am trying to make this file be displayed like this:

Tomato          Vegetable
Orange          Fruit
Cucumber        Vegetable
Sweat Potato    Fruit

我做错了什么却没有给我这个结果?

What am I doing wrong that does not give me this result?

推荐答案

在Unix/Linux中，您可以使用column生成列输出:

With Unix / Linux you can use column to produce column output:

$ column -t -s '#' your_file
Tomato        Vegetable
Orange        Fruit
Cucumber      Vegetable
Sweat Potato  Fruit

要在awk中执行此操作，您可以读取文件两次以获取每一列的最大字段长度.完成此操作后，您可以使用

To do it in awk you can read the file twice to get the max field length for each column. Once you do that, you can fix the field width with sprintf with the field width + pad value:

awk -F'#' -v pad=4 '
        FNR==NR {                    # FNR==NR means first file
            for (i=1;i<=NF;i++)      # find the max width of each field
                if(max[i]<length($i)) max[i]=length($i)
            next                     # next record of first file
            } 
            {                        # Second file
                s=""                 # reset the buffer string
                for (i=1;i<=NF;i++)  # build the buffer field by field
                    s=s sprintf("%-*s%*s", max[i], $i, pad, "")
                print s              # print the buffer
            } '    your_file your_file

打印:

Tomato        Vegetable  
Orange        Fruit      
Cucumber      Vegetable  
Sweat Potato  Fruit   

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