插入“，"在文本的特定位置 [英] Inserting a "," in a particular position of a text
问题描述
(我输入了准确的文本和执行的命令，因此看起来有些混乱.)
(I put a exact text and command I executed so would be looking a bit messy.)
我有一个看起来像.TXT的文件
I have a .TXT file looking like
11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
我想要的结果会是
11111111111111,1111111,11,1,111,1111111111111,1,11111111,1111111111111111,111,111
11111111111111,1111111,11,1,111,1111111111111,1,11111111,1111111111111111,111,111
我尝试过的命令是
sed -i 's/\(.\{14\}\)\(.\{7\}\)\(.\{2\}\)\(.\{1\}\)\(.\{3\}\)\(.\{13\}\)\(.\{1\}\)\(.\{8\}\)\(.\{16\}\)\(.\{3\}\)/\1,\2,\3,\4,\5,\6,\7,\8,\9,\10,/' SOME.TXT
我得到的结果是
11111111111111,1111111,11,1,111,1111111111111,1,11111111,1111111111111111,1111111111111110,111
11111111111111,1111111,11,1,111,1111111111111,1,11111111,1111111111111111,1111111111111110,111
我真的不知道为什么这些0突然弹出，并且即使在中途工作，"也不会出现在我命令的位置.
I have literally no idea why these 0s suddenly popped out and ' , ' doesn't appear in the position where I command even though it worked half way.
这是bug还是sed命令中的某些东西?
Is this a bug or something in sed command?
推荐答案
它在输出中打印0，因为sed捕获组及其后向引用最多只能有9个，并且\10被解释为\1，然后是文字0.
It is printing 0 in output because sed capture groups and their back-references can be up to 9 only and \10 is interpreted as \1 followed by literal 0.
您可以使用gnu-awk的 FIELDWIDTHS功能轻松解决此问题:
You can solve it easily using FIELDWIDTHS feature of gnu-awk:
awk -v OFS=, 'BEGIN { FIELDWIDTHS = "14 7 2 1 3 13 1 8 16 3 *" } {$1 = $1} 1' file
11111111111111,1111111,11,1,111,1111111111111,1,11111111,1111111111111111,111,111
11111111111111,1111111,11,1,111,1111111111111,1,11111111,1111111111111111,111,111
仅用于学术练习，下面是一个有效的sed，它使用2个替代方法来解决此问题:
Just for academic exercise, here is a working sed to solve this using 2 substitutions:
sed -E 's/(.{14})(.{7})(.{2})(.)(.{3})(.{13})(.)(.{8})(.+)/\1,\2,\3,\4,\5,\6,\7,\8,\9/; s/(.+,.{16})(.{3})(.*)/\1,\2,\3/' file
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