通过匹配模式将字符串替换为另一个文本文件中的行 [英] replace strings with lines from another text file by matching patterns

问题描述

我有一个带有对应密钥的文件->值:

I have a file with a correspondence key -> value:

sort keyFile.txt | head
ENSMUSG00000000001  ENSMUSG00000000001_Gnai3
ENSMUSG00000000003  ENSMUSG00000000003_Pbsn
ENSMUSG00000000003  ENSMUSG00000000003_Pbsn
ENSMUSG00000000028  ENSMUSG00000000028_Cdc45
ENSMUSG00000000028  ENSMUSG00000000028_Cdc45
ENSMUSG00000000028  ENSMUSG00000000028_Cdc45
ENSMUSG00000000031  ENSMUSG00000000031_H19
ENSMUSG00000000031  ENSMUSG00000000031_H19
ENSMUSG00000000031  ENSMUSG00000000031_H19
ENSMUSG00000000031  ENSMUSG00000000031_H19

我想替换每个与"key"相对应的字母带有值"在temp.txt中:

And I would like to replace every correspondence of "key" with the "value" in the temp.txt:

head temp.txt
ENSMUSG00000000001:001  515
ENSMUSG00000000001:002  108
ENSMUSG00000000001:003  64
ENSMUSG00000000001:004  45
ENSMUSG00000000001:005  58
ENSMUSG00000000001:006  63
ENSMUSG00000000001:007  46
ENSMUSG00000000001:008  11
ENSMUSG00000000001:009  13
ENSMUSG00000000003:001  0

结果应为:

out.txt
ENSMUSG00000000001_Gnai3:001    515
ENSMUSG00000000001_Gnai3:002    108
ENSMUSG00000000001_Gnai3:003    64
ENSMUSG00000000001_Gnai3:004    45
ENSMUSG00000000001_Gnai3:005    58
ENSMUSG00000000001_Gnai3:006    63
ENSMUSG00000000001_Gnai3:007    46
ENSMUSG00000000001_Gnai3:008    11
ENSMUSG00000000001_Gnai3:009    13
ENSMUSG00000000001_Gnai3:001    0

在此AWK示例之后，我尝试了一些变体，但是您可以看到结果不是我期望的:

I have tried a few variations following this AWK example but as you can see the result is not what I expected:

awk 'NR==FNR{a[$1]=$1;next}{$1=a[$1];}1' keyFile.txt temp.txt | head
 515
 108
 64
 45
 58
 63
 46
 11
 13
 0

我的猜测是temp的第1列与keyValues的完全"第1列不匹配.有人可以帮我吗?

My guess is that column 1 of temp does not match 'exactly' column 1 of keyValues. Could someone please help me with this?

R/python/sed解决方案.

R/python/sed solutions are also welcome.

推荐答案

使用awk命令，如下所示:

Use awk command like this:

awk 'NR==FNR {a[$1]=$2;next} {
   split($1, b, ":");
   if (b[1] in a)
       print a[b[1]] ":" b[2], $2;
   else
       print $0;
 }' keyFile.txt temp.txt

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