在awk中使用tr命令更改列值 [英] tr command in awk to change the column values

问题描述

我在awk的shell脚本TR命令中使用了掩码数据.下面的示例文件在awk中使用tr命令时仅影响我文件的第一行.当我在 while 循环中使用相同的代码并在其中调用awk命令时，它可以正常工作，但需要很长时间才能完成.现在我的要求是我想在同一文件(file.txt)中屏蔽许多列[例如:$ 1，$ 5，$ 9]，这应该影响整个文件而不是第一行，我想以更快的速度屏蔽它数据.请指教

I am using in my shell script TR command in awk to mask the data. Below example file affects only first line of the my file when i used tr command in awk. when i use the same in while loop and called the awk command inside of it then its working fine but it taking very long time to get completed. Now my requirement i want to mask many columns[example :$1, $5, $9] in the same file(file.txt) and this should affect the whole file not first line and i want to achieve this as much as faster to mask the data. Please advise

cat file.txt
========
abcbchs，degehek
abcbchs，degehek
abcbchs，degehek
abcbchs，degehek
abcbchs，degehek
abcbchs，degehek，lskjsjshsh
abcbchs，degehek
abcbchs，degehek，lskjsjshsh

cat file.txt
========
abcbchs,degehek
abcbchs,degehek
abcbchs,degehek
abcbchs,degehek
abcbchs,degehek
abcbchs,degehek,lskjsjshsh
abcbchs,degehek
abcbchs,degehek,lskjsjshsh

awk -F"," -v OFS=","  '{ "echo \""$1"\" | tr \"a-c\" \"e-f\" | tr \"0-5\" \"6-9\"" | getline $1 }7' file.txt

effffhs，degehek
abcbchs，degehek
abcbchs，degehek
abcbchs，degehek
abcbchs，degehek
abcbchs，degehek，lskjsjshsh
abcbchs，degehek
abcbchs，degehek，lskjsjshsh

effffhs,degehek
abcbchs,degehek
abcbchs,degehek
abcbchs,degehek
abcbchs,degehek
abcbchs,degehek,lskjsjshsh
abcbchs,degehek
abcbchs,degehek,lskjsjshsh

effffhs，degehek
effffhs，degehek
effffhs，degehek
effffhs，degehek
effffhs，degehek
effffhs，degehek，lskjsjshsh
effffhs，degehek
effffhs，degehek，lskjsjshsh

effffhs,degehek
effffhs,degehek
effffhs,degehek
effffhs,degehek
effffhs,degehek
effffhs,degehek,lskjsjshsh
effffhs,degehek
effffhs,degehek,lskjsjshsh

推荐答案

每次调用后，您都忘记了close()该命令.这是编写它的正确方法:

You forgot to close() the command after every invocation. Here's the correct way to write it:

$ cat tst.awk
BEGIN { FS=OFS="," }
{
    cmd="echo '" $1 "' | tr 'a-c' 'e-f' | tr '0-5' '6-9'"
    $1 = ( (cmd | getline line) > 0 ? line : $1 )
    close(cmd)
    print
}

$ awk -f tst.awk file
effffhs,degehek
effffhs,degehek
effffhs,degehek
effffhs,degehek
effffhs,degehek
effffhs,degehek,lskjsjshsh
effffhs,degehek
effffhs,degehek,lskjsjshsh

您也没有保护自己免受getline故障的侵害，因此围绕getline调用的额外复杂性，请参见 http ://awk.info/?tip/getline .

You also didn't protect yourself from getline failures, hence the extra complexity around the getline call, see http://awk.info/?tip/getline.

给出您的评论，这显示了如何同时修改多个字段(在本例中为1、3和5):

Given your comments, this shows how to modify multiple fields (1, 3, and 5 in this case) simultaneously:

$ cat tst.awk
BEGIN { FS=OFS="," }
{
    cmd = "echo '" $0 "' | tr 'a-c' 'e-f' | tr '0-5' '6-9'"
    new = ( (cmd | getline line) > 0 ? line : $1 )
    close(cmd)
    split(new,tmp)
    for (i in tmp) {
        if (i ~ /^(1|3|5)$/) {
            $i = tmp[i]
        }
    }
    print
}

$ cat file
abc,abc,abc,abc,abc
abc,abc,abc,abc,abc,abc,abc
abc,abc,abc,abc,abc,abc
abc,abc,abc,abc

$ awk -f tst.awk file
eff,abc,eff,abc,eff
eff,abc,eff,abc,eff,abc,abc
eff,abc,eff,abc,eff,abc
eff,abc,eff,abc

要处理输入数据中的引号:

To handle quotes in the input data:

$ cat tst.awk
BEGIN { FS=OFS="," }
{
    gsub(/'/,SUBSEP)
    cmd = "echo '" $0 "' | tr 'a-c' 'e-f' | tr '0-5' '6-9'"
    new = ( (cmd | getline line) > 0 ? line : $1 )
    close(cmd)
    split(new,tmp)
    for (i in tmp) {
        if (i ~ /^(1|3|5)$/) {
            $i = tmp[i]
        }
    }
    gsub(SUBSEP,"'")
    print
}

$ cat file
a'c,abc,a"c,abc,abc
abc,a'c,abc,a"c,abc,abc,abc
abc,abc,abc,abc,abc,abc
abc,abc,abc,abc

$ awk -f tst.awk file
e'f,abc,e"f,abc,eff
eff,a'c,eff,a"c,eff,abc,abc
eff,abc,eff,abc,eff,abc
eff,abc,eff,abc

如果没有任何不能保证在输入中不出现的控制字符，则可以使用https://stackoverflow.com/a/29237745/1745001

If you don't have any particular control char that's guaranteed not to appear in your input, you can create a non-existent string to use instead of SUBSEP above by using the technique described at the end of https://stackoverflow.com/a/29237745/1745001

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