如何使用awk转义反斜杠和双引号 [英] How to escape backslash and double quotes with awk

问题描述

我有些awk重新排列了一行.我想转义变量之一(例如$ _)，使"和\用反斜杠转义.

I have some awk that rearrange a line. I would like to escape one of the variables (e.g. $_), in such way that " and \ are escaped with a backslash.

示例:

echo "Ehm, \"hi\", he \\ said" | awk '{$1="" ; print "\"" $_ "\"" }'
" "hi", he \ said"

(请勿更改回显，通常我从其中包含Ehm, "hi", he \ said的文件读取).

(do not change the echo, normally I read from a file that has Ehm, "hi", he \ said in it).

我想要

" \"hi\", he \\ said" 

相反.我怎样才能做到这一点? awk中是否有一个功能可以做到这一点?

instead. How can I do this? Is there a function in awk that can do this?

推荐答案

这是您要寻找的吗?

$ cat tst.awk
function foo(str) {
    sub(/^[^[:space:]]+/,"",str)   # remove first field
    gsub(/["\\]/,"\\\\&",str)      # put \ before each \ and "
    return "\"" str "\""           # surround with quotes
}
{ print foo($0) }

测试:

$ echo "Ehm, \"hi\", he \\ said" | awk -f tst.awk
" \"hi\", he \\ said"

$ cat file
Ehm, "hi", he \ said

$ awk -f tst.awk file
" \"hi\", he \\ said"

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