如何在Git中克隆单个分支？ [英] How do I clone a single branch in Git?

问题描述

我有一个名为 skeleton的本地Git存储库，用于存储项目框架。它有一些分支，可用于不同类型的项目：

I have a local Git repository called 'skeleton' that I use for storing project skeletons. It has a few branches, for different kinds of projects:

casey@agave [~/Projects/skeleton] git branch
* master
  rails
  c
  c++

如果我想要检查一个新项目的master分支，我可以做

If I want to check out the master branch for a new project, I can do

casey@agave [~/Projects] git clone skeleton new
Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/casey/Projects/new/.git/

中初始化了空的Git存储库一切都是我想要的。具体来说，新的master分支指向骨架master分支，我可以通过推拉操作来更改对基本项目设置的更改。

and everything is how I want it. Specifically, the new master branch points to the skeleton master branch, and I can push and pull to move around changes to the basic project setup.

什么是行不通的，但是，如果我想克隆另一个分支。我无法获取它，所以我只拉了我想要的分支，例如 rails 分支，然后新的存储库有了一个 master 分支，默认情况下可推入和拉出骨架存储库的 rails 分支。

What doesn't work, however, is if I want to clone another branch. I can't get it so that I only pull the branch I want, for instance the rails branch, and then the new repository has a master branch that pushes to and pulls from the skeleton repository's rails branch, by default.

有一个好的方法去做吗？或者，也许这不是Git想要我组织事物的方式，我当然对此持开放态度。也许我应该有多个存储库，而Ruby on Rails框架存储库跟踪主框架存储库？以及克隆Ruby on Rails骨架存储库的任何单个项目。

Is there a good way to go about doing this? Or, maybe this isn't the way that Git wants me to structure things, and I'm certainly open to that. Perhaps I should have multiple repositories, with the Ruby on Rails skeleton repository tracking the master skeleton repository? And any individual project cloning the Ruby on Rails skeleton repository.

推荐答案

注意： git1.7.10 （2012年4月）实际上允许您克隆仅一个分支：

Note: the git1.7.10 (April 2012) actually allows you to clone only one branch:

# clone only the remote primary HEAD (default: origin/master)
git clone --single-branch

# as in:
git clone <url> --branch <branch> --single-branch [<folder>]

您可以在 t5500-fetch-pack.sh ：

test_expect_success 'single branch clone' '
  git clone --single-branch "file://$(pwd)/." singlebranch
'

东武（Tobu） 评论：

在进行浅层克隆时这是隐式的。

这使得 git clone --depth 1 节省带宽的最简单方法。

This is implicit when doing a shallow clone.
This makes git clone --depth 1 the easiest way to save bandwidth.

自Git 1.9.0起（2014年2月），浅层克隆支持数据传输（推/拉），因此该选项现在更加有用。

更多信息，请参见<< a href = https://stackoverflow.com / a / 21217267/6309> git clone --depth 1 （浅层克隆）比它做的有用吗？。

And since Git 1.9.0 (February 2014), shallow clones support data transfer (push/pull), so that option is even more useful now.
See more at "Is git clone --depth 1 (shallow clone) more useful than it makes out?".

撤消浅克隆的详细信息请参见 将浅克隆转换为完整克隆。 （git 1.8.3 +）

"Undoing" a shallow clone is detailed at "Convert shallow clone to full clone" (git 1.8.3+)

# unshallow the current branch
git fetch --unshallow

# for getting back all the branches (see Peter Cordes' comment)
git config remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
git fetch --unshallow

以 注释：

获取缺失分支以反转的神奇路线-单分支是（git v2.1.4）：

the magic line for getting missing branches to reverse --single-branch is (git v2.1.4):

git config remote.origin.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
git fetch --unshallow  

---

使用Git 2.26（2020年第一季度）时， git clone --recurse-submodules --single-branch 现在在克隆子模块时使用相同的单分支选项。

请参见提交132f600 ， >（2020年2月21日）通过艾米莉·谢弗（ nasamuffin ）。

^{（由 Junio C Hamano合并- gitster -在 commit b22db26 ，05中2020年3月）}

See commit 132f600, commit 4731957 (21 Feb 2020) by Emily Shaffer (nasamuffin).
^{(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit b22db26, 05 Mar 2020)}

clone ：在--recurse-submodules

$期间传递--single-branch b $ b

<sup>签名人：Emily Shaffer

代理人：Jeff King</sup>

clone: pass --single-branch during --recurse-submodules

^{Signed-off-by: Emily Shaffer
Acked-by: Jeff King}

以前，执行 git clone --recurse-submodules --single-branch 即使超级项目仅克隆了一个分支，结果还是导致子模块克隆了所有分支。

Previously, performing "git clone --recurse-submodules --single-branch" resulted in submodules cloning all branches even though the superproject cloned only one branch.

Pipe -单分支通过子模块帮助程序框架使其稍后再进行 克隆。

Pipe --single-branch through the submodule helper framework to make it to 'clone' later on.

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