匹配数组时Powershell使用通配符 [英] Powershell Use Wildcards when matching arrays

问题描述

我已经将头撞在墙上几个小时了，正在寻找帮助。为了简化我的问题，我有两个数组，一个数组包含通配符，另一个数组使用这些通配符：

I've been banging my head against a wall for hours now and am looking for some help. To simplify my issue, I have two arrays, one which contains wildcards, and the other which makes use of those wildcards:

$WildCardArray = @("RED-*.htm", "*.yellow", "BLUE!.txt", "*.green", "*.purple")
$SpelledOutArray = @("RED-123.htm", "456.yellow", "BLUE!.txt",  "789.green", "purple.102", "orange.abc")

我无法让PowerShell识别出这些匹配项。

I cannot get PowerShell to recognize that these match.

我的最终目标是得到一个输出，告诉我Purple.102和orange.abc不在$ WildCardArray中。

似乎超级简单！我尝试过的一些事情：

Seems super simple! Some of the things I've tried:

$WildCardArray = @("RED-*.htm", "*.yellow", "BLUE!.txt", "*.green", "*.purple")
$SpelledOutArray = @("RED-123.htm", "456.yellow", "BLUE!.txt",  "789.green", "purple.102", "orange.abc")
foreach($Item in $SpelledOutArray)
{
$item | where {$wildcardarray -contains $item}
}

我得到BLUE！.txt为结果是因为这是我的控制，没有通配符。如果将其更改为-notcontains，则除BLUE外，我将返回所有结果。我尝试过包含，匹配，等于，类似以及它们的所有对立，比较对象，但没有任何效果。我没有错误，只是没有得到预期的结果

I get BLUE!.txt as a result because it's my control with no wildcards. If I change that to -notcontains, I get all of the results returned except BLUE. I've tried contains, match, equals, like and all of their opposites, compare-object, and nothing works. I get no errors, I just do not get the expected results

我尝试将[*]替换为[a-zA-Z]和其他组合，但它将其替换从字面上看，而不是通配符。我不确定自己在做什么错... PSVersion 5.1 Win 10

I tried replacing "*" with [a-zA-Z] and other combinations, but it replaces it literally, and not as a wildcard. I'm not sure what I'm doing wrong.... PSVersion 5.1 Win 10

有人知道为什么类似/匹配/包含的逻辑不起作用吗？ ，而我能做些什么呢？不一定要漂亮，它只需要工作

Does anybody know the logic behind WHY like/match/contains doesn't work, and what I can do make it work? It doesn't have to be pretty, it just needs to work

推荐答案

几小时的墙[..]似乎超级简单！

banging my head against a wall for hours [..] Seems super simple!

这可能暗示着它并非超级简单。您正在尝试交叉匹配两个列表：红色到红色，黄色，蓝色...。然后是蓝色到红色，黄色，蓝色...然后是绿色到红色，黄色，蓝色... 。 30个比较，但只有5个循环发生。

That's probably a hint that it's not super simple. You're trying to cross match two lists: red to red, yellow, blue.... then Blue to red, yellow, blue... then Green to red, yellow, blue.... 30 comparisons but you only have 5 loops happening.

您需要更多。

$WildCardArray = @("RED-*.htm", "*.yellow", "BLUE!.txt", "*.green", "*.purple")
$SpelledOutArray = @("RED-123.htm", "456.yellow", "BLUE!.txt",  "789.green", "purple.102", "orange.abc")

# Loop once over the spelled out items
foreach($Item in $SpelledOutArray)
{
    # for each one, loop over the entire WildCard array and check for matches
    $WildCardMatches = foreach ($WildCard in $WildCardArray)
    { 
        if ($item -like $WildCard) {
            $Item
        }
    }

    # Now see if there were any wildcard matches for this SpelledOut Item or not
    if (-not $WildCardMatches)
    {
        $Item 
    }
}

并且WildCardArray上的内部循环可以成为过滤器，但是您必须过滤该数组，而不是单个项你的代码es。

and the inner loop over WildCardArray can become a filter, but you have to be filtering the array, not the individual item as your code does.

$WildCardArray = @("RED-*.htm", "*.yellow", "BLUE!.txt", "*.green", "*.purple")
$SpelledOutArray = @("RED-123.htm", "456.yellow", "BLUE!.txt",  "789.green", "purple.102", "orange.abc")

foreach($Item in $SpelledOutArray)
{
   $WildCardMatches = $wildcardarray | Where { $item -like $_ }

   if (-not $WildCardMatches)
   {
       $Item 
   }
}

我想如果需要的话，您可以将其混入一个不清楚的双向过滤器中。

And I guess you could mash that down into an unclear double-where filter if you had to.

$WildCardArray = @("RED-*.htm", "*.yellow", "BLUE!.txt", "*.green", "*.purple")
$SpelledOutArray = @("RED-123.htm", "456.yellow", "BLUE!.txt",  "789.green", "purple.102", "orange.abc")

$SpelledOutArray |Where {$item=$_; -not ($WildCardArray |Where {$item -like $_}) }

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