Python-3请求参数编码错误 [英] Python-3 Request parameter encoding error

问题描述

我一直在基于 Python 3 进行 django 项目。我正在尝试合并验证码。我选择了 django-recaptcha ，但不幸的是，该软件包不适用于python3。因此尝试为python3量身定制。我做了一些 2to3 的工作，并根据需要进行了一些更改。除了 Request的url编码以外，其他所有内容似乎都正常运行。

I have been working on a django project based upon Python 3. I am trying to incorporate captcha. I choosed django-recaptcha but unfortunately the package is not available for python3. So tried to tailor it for python3. I did some 2to3 stuff and made some changes as per need. Everything seems to work fine except the url encoding for Request.

以下代码段的收益 POST数据应为字节或字节的可迭代数。不能是str类型。异常。

Following snippet yields POST data should be bytes or an iterable of bytes. It cannot be of type str. exception.

def encode_if_necessary(s):
    if isinstance(s, str):
        return s.encode('utf-8')
    return s

params = urllib.parse.urlencode({
        'privatekey': encode_if_necessary(private_key),
        'remoteip':  encode_if_necessary(remoteip),
        'challenge':  encode_if_necessary(recaptcha_challenge_field),
        'response':  encode_if_necessary(recaptcha_response_field),
        })

if use_ssl:
    verify_url = "https://%s/recaptcha/api/verify" % VERIFY_SERVER
else:
    verify_url = "http://%s/recaptcha/api/verify" % VERIFY_SERVER

request = urllib.request.Request(
    url= verify_url,
    data=params,
    headers={
        "Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
        "User-agent": "reCAPTCHA Python"
        }
    )

httpresp = urllib.request.urlopen(request)

所以我尝试在 request 中对网址和其他内容进行编码-

So I tried to encode the url and other stuff in request-

request = urllib.request.Request(
    url= encode_if_necessary(verify_url),
    data=params,
    headers={
        "Content-type": encode_if_necessary("application/x-www-form-urlencoded"),
        "User-agent": encode_if_necessary("reCAPTCHA Python")
        }
    )

但这会产生 urlopen错误未知的URL类型：b'http 异常。

有人知道如何解决它吗？感谢您的帮助：）。

Does anyone know how to fix it? Any help is appreciated :).

推荐答案

好的，我会自己回答：P。

Alright I will answer this myself :P.

在 python的官方文档中获取示例提示 ，我从 Request 中排除了 data ，并分别传递了 request和data 到 urlopen（）。以下是更新的代码段-

Taking hints from an example at python's official documentation, I excluded data from Request and separately passed request and data to urlopen(). Below is the updated snippet -

params = urllib.parse.urlencode({
        'privatekey': encode_if_necessary(private_key),
        'remoteip':  encode_if_necessary(remoteip),
        'challenge':  encode_if_necessary(recaptcha_challenge_field),
        'response':  encode_if_necessary(recaptcha_response_field),
        })

if use_ssl:
    verify_url = "https://%s/recaptcha/api/verify" % VERIFY_SERVER
else:
    verify_url = "http://%s/recaptcha/api/verify" % VERIFY_SERVER
# do not add data to Request instead pass it separately to urlopen()
data = params.encode('utf-8')
request = urllib.request.Request(verify_url)
request.add_header("Content-type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
request.add_header("User-agent", "reCAPTCHA Python")

httpresp = urllib.request.urlopen(request, data)

尽管解决了问题，我仍然不知道为什么他2to3.py生成的代码不起作用。根据文档，它应该可以正常工作。

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