是否有像Lint或Perl :: Critic这样的静态分析工具可用于shell脚本？ [英] Is there a static analysis tool like Lint or Perl::Critic for shell scripts?

问题描述

是否有任何外壳程序（特别是bash或ksh）检查程序测试外壳程序脚本的样式，最佳实践，命名约定等？ （类似于Lint for C或Perl :: Critic for Perl。）

Are there any shell (specifically bash or ksh) checkers that test shell scripts for style, best practices, naming conventions, etc? (Something like Lint for C, or Perl::Critic for Perl.)

我知道使用ksh可以通过运行 ksh来进行语法检查- n script.ksh ，但我希望不仅限于语法检查-还可以解析/分析实际代码？

I know with ksh you can do syntax checking by running ksh -n script.ksh but I was hoping for something more than just sytax checking - something that parses/analyzes the actual code?

推荐答案

Debian和Ubuntu项目使用脚本< a href = http://man.he.net/man1/checkbashisms rel = nofollow noreferrer> checkbashisms ，用于查找特定的模式可能表明有人依赖 / bin / sh 是 bash 。

The Debian and Ubuntu projects use a script checkbashisms, that looks for particular patterns that might indicate that someone is relying on /bin/sh being bash.

除此之外，大多数外壳程序都有 -n 选项来分析和报告错误。您可以针对几种不同的shell检查脚本，以确保其仅使用可移植的语法：

Beyond that, most shells have a -n option to parse and report errors. You could check your script against several different shells to make sure it uses only portable syntax:

for shell in zsh ksh bash dash sh
do
  echo "Testing ${shell}"
  ${shell} -n my_script.sh
done

要添加的编辑：自从编写此答案以来，在稍后的答案中建议，已编写了noreferrer> shellcheck 。与以前的建议相比，在执行shell脚本方面做得更加彻底。

edit to add: Since writing this answer, shellcheck has been written, as suggested in a later answer. This does a much more thorough job of linting shell scripts than the previous suggestions.

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