什么是初始化tkinter类的父母/主人？ [英] What is a parent/master that initialize a tkinter class?
问题描述
示例代码是经过简化的版本，但可以运行基本功能。请重点关注类MainWindow（tk.Frame）
The example code is an abridged version but can run with a basic function. Please focus on class MainWindow(tk.Frame)
什么样的对象可以充当的初始化？父级或母版 tkinter类
What kind of object can play the role of the parent or master for tkinter class initialization?
在我的情况下，请参见示例代码，为什么不能传递 self 作为父对象到 ProjectInfo（...）或 ConfirmItems（... ）在类MainWindow（tk.Frame）中？如果使用 self 而不是 self.parent ，则会弹出一个空窗口。
In my case, see the example code, why can not pass self as parent to ProjectInfo(...) or ConfirmItems(...) in class MainWindow(tk.Frame)? It would pop up an empty window if using self instead of self.parent.
这个问题源自我对构造一个tkinter应用程序，这意味着它无法以 parent 的身份通过 self 。
This question originates from my comments on Best way to structure a tkinter application, which means it fails to pass self as parent.
我想提出一个新问题来关注这些讨论。
I would like to issue a new question to follow that discussions.
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
from collections import OrderedDict
class ProjectInfo(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(parent, *args, **kwargs)
self.parent = parent
self.controller = controller
self.widgets_init()
def widgets_init(self):
tk.Label(self,
text = "Rock Controller!",
width = 10,
anchor = "w",
justify = "left").grid(row = 0, column = 0)
tk.Label(self,
text = "Input Name: ").grid(row = 1, column = 0)
self.entry = tk.Entry(self)
self.entry.grid(row = 1, column = 1)
class ConfirmItems(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, frames, controller, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(parent, *args, **kwargs)
self.parent = parent
self.frames = frames
self.controller = controller
self.widgets_init()
def update_entries(self):
self.controller.project_info.name = self.controller.project_info.entry.get()
def update_frames(self):
self.message = 'Click Cancel go back to reset!\n'
for key, values in self.frames.items():
for v in values:
x = getattr(key, v)
self.message += v + ': ' + str(x) + '\n'
def show_settings(self):
answer = tk.messagebox.askokcancel("Check Settings", self.message)
if answer in ["yes", 1]:
self.quit()
def combine_funcs(self, *funcs):
def combined_func(*args, **kwargs):
for f in funcs:
f(*args, **kwargs)
return combined_func
def widgets_init(self):
self.cancel = tk.Button(self,
text = "Cancel",
command = self.quit)
self.cancel.grid(row = 0, column = 0)
self.submit = tk.Button(self,
text = "Submit",
command = self.combine_funcs(
self.update_entries,
self.update_frames,
self.show_settings))
# command = lambda:[self.update_frames(), self.show_settings()]
self.submit.grid(row = 0, column = 1)
class MainWindow(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(parent, *args, **kwargs)
self.parent = parent
self.controller = self
self.project_info = ProjectInfo(self.parent, self.controller)
self.project_info.grid(row = 0)
self.widgets_init()
self.confirm_items = ConfirmItems(self.parent, self.frames, self.controller)
self.confirm_items.grid(row = 1)
def widgets_init(self):
self.dict_list = [(self.project_info, ('name',))]
self.frames = OrderedDict(self.dict_list)
def main():
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Welcome to Controller World!")
root.geometry("300x300")
gui = MainWindow(root)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
推荐答案
什么样的对象可以扮演父对象的角色还是tkinter类初始化的大师？
What kind of object can play the role of the parent or master for tkinter class initialization?
任何tkinter小部件都可以p放置父级或主级角色，尽管通常是根窗口，顶层窗口或框架。
Any tkinter widget can play the role of parent or master, though most often it will be the root window, a toplevel window, or a frame.
对于我来说，请参见示例代码，为什么不能将自身作为父级传递给ProjectInfo（...）或ConfirmItems（.. 。）在MainWindow（tk.Frame）类中？
In my case, see the example code, why can not pass self as parent to ProjectInfo(...) or ConfirmItems(...) in class MainWindow(tk.Frame)?
您的代码中没有什么阻止您传递自我作为父母。
There is nothing in your code preventing you from passing self as the parent.
如果使用self而不是self.parent，它将弹出一个空窗口。
It would pop up an empty window if using self instead of self.parent.
如果使用 self 作为 ProjectInfo 的父级， code> self 指 MainWindow 的实例。我看不到您在该实例上调用 pack 或 grid 的任何地方。如果父项不可见，则其所有子项都不可见。
In the case of using self as the parent for ProjectInfo, self refers to the instance of MainWindow. I don't see anywhere where you are calling pack or grid on that instance. If the parent is not visible, none of its children will be visible.
您需要在计算机上调用 pack 或 grid gui 变量。由于它是根窗口中唯一的窗口小部件，因此 pack 最有意义。
You need to call pack or grid on the gui variable. Since it is designed to be the only widget in the root window, pack makes the most sense.
def main():
...
gui = MainWindow(root)
gui.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
...
根据一般经验，如果您有一个从窗口小部件继承的类并创建了其他窗口小部件，则这些窗口小部件应始终是 self 的子代或子代之一，从来没有自己的父母。将类放在其父级中的子部件完全无法实现从 tk.Frame 继承的目的。
As a general rule of thumb, if you have a class that inherits from a widget and it creates other widgets, those widgets should always be children of self or one of its descendants, never its own parent. Having a class put child widgets in its parent completely defeats the purpose of inheriting from tk.Frame.
从 tk.Frame 继承的全部目的是创建一个行为与标准小部件完全相同的新类。您可以使用 pack 或 place 或 grid ，它具有一些标准选项，例如 borderwidth 和 relief ，并且完全是独立的。
The whole point of inheriting from tk.Frame is to create a new class that behaves exactly like standard widgets. You can add it to other widgets with pack or place or grid, it has some standard options such as borderwidth and relief, and is entirely self-contained.
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