带有不同数组类型的Swift Codable [英] Swift Codable with Different Array Types

问题描述

我正在编写一个程序，在其中解析 JSON 数据，其中包括数组数组，其中嵌套的数组具有不同的对象类型（特别是[[String， String，Int]]）。例如，

I'm writing a program where I'm parsing JSON data that includes array of arrays, where the nested arrays have different object types (specifically, [[String, String, Int]]). For example,

{
"number": 5295,
"bets": [
    [
        "16",
        "83",
        9
    ],
    [
        "75",
        "99",
        4
    ],
    [
        "46",
        "27",
        5
    ]
]
}

我正在尝试使用可编码来帮助我解析数据，但是当我尝试某些操作时例如

I'm trying to use codable to help me parse the data, but when I try something like

struct OrderBook: Codable {
    let number: Int
    let bets: [Bet]
}

struct Bet: Codable {
    let price: String
    let sale: String
    let quantity: Int
}

它给了我一个错误，即

预期对Dictionary < String，Any> 进行解码，但找到一个数组代替

Expected to decode Dictionary<String, Any> but found an array instead

我该如何解决？我无法声明一个空类型的数组。

How do I get around this? I can't declare an array of empty type.

推荐答案

一种解决方案（假设您无法更改JSON）是为实现自定义解码逻辑下注。为了依次解码每个属性（调用 decode（_：）的顺序），可以使用一个无密钥的容器（从JSON数组中读取）。

One solution (assuming you can't change the JSON) is to implement custom decoding logic for Bet. You can use an unkeyed container (which reads from a JSON array) in order to decode each of the properties in turn (the order in which you call decode(_:) is the order they're expected to appear in the array).

import Foundation

struct OrderBook : Codable {
  let number: Int
  let bets: [Bet]
}

struct Bet : Codable {
  let price: String
  let sale: String
  let quantity: Int

  init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
    var container = try decoder.unkeyedContainer()
    self.price = try container.decode(String.self)
    self.sale = try container.decode(String.self)
    self.quantity = try container.decode(Int.self)
  } 

  // if you need encoding (if not, make Bet Decodable
  // and remove this method)
  func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
    var container = encoder.unkeyedContainer()
    try container.encode(price)
    try container.encode(sale)
    try container.encode(quantity)
  }
}

示例解码：

let jsonString = """
{ "number": 5295, "bets": [["16","83",9], ["75","99",4], ["46","27",5]] }
"""

let jsonData = Data(jsonString.utf8)

do {
  let decoded = try JSONDecoder().decode(OrderBook.self, from: jsonData)
  print(decoded)
} catch {
  print(error)
}

// OrderBook(number: 5295, bets: [
//   Bet(price: "16", sale: "83", quantity: 9),
//   Bet(price: "75", sale: "99", quantity: 4),
//   Bet(price: "46", sale: "27", quantity: 5)
// ])

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