如何使用SBCL正确保存Common Lisp图像？ [英] How to properly save Common Lisp image using SBCL?
问题描述
如果要创建程序的Lisp图像，如何正确执行？有任何先决条件吗？
If I want to create a Lisp-image of my program, how do I do it properly? Are there any prerequisites? And doesn't it play nicely with QUICKLISP?
现在，如果我启动SBCL（仅预加载QUICKLISP）并保存图像，
Right now, if I start SBCL (with just QUICKLISP pre-loaded) and save the image:
(save-lisp-and-die "core")
然后尝试使用此图像再次启动SBCL
And then try to start SBCL again with this image
sbcl --core core
然后尝试做：
(ql:quickload :cl-yaclyaml)
我得到以下信息：
To load "cl-yaclyaml":
Load 1 ASDF system:
cl-yaclyaml
; Loading "cl-yaclyaml"
.......
debugger invoked on a SB-INT:EXTENSION-FAILURE in thread
#<THREAD "main thread" RUNNING {100322C613}>:
Don't know how to REQUIRE sb-sprof.
See also:
The SBCL Manual, Variable *MODULE-PROVIDER-FUNCTIONS*
The SBCL Manual, Function REQUIRE
Type HELP for debugger help, or (SB-EXT:EXIT) to exit from SBCL.
restarts (invokable by number or by possibly-abbreviated name):
0: [RETRY ] Retry completing load for #<REQUIRE-SYSTEM "sb-sprof">.
1: [ACCEPT ] Continue, treating completing load for #<REQUIRE-SYSTEM "sb-sprof"> as having been successful.
2: Retry ASDF operation.
3: [CLEAR-CONFIGURATION-AND-RETRY] Retry ASDF operation after resetting the configuration.
4: [ABORT ] Give up on "cl-yaclyaml"
5: Exit debugger, returning to top level.
(SB-IMPL::REQUIRE-ERROR "Don't know how to ~S ~A." REQUIRE "sb-sprof")
0]
或者，如果我尝试：
(require 'sb-sprof)
当sbcl以保存的内核启动时，我得到相同的结果错误。如果像 sbcl 一样启动sbcl，则不会报告错误。
when sbcl is started with saved core, I get the same error. If sbcl is started just as sbcl there is no error reported.
实际上，预加载QUICKLISP不会一个问题：如果最初使用 sbcl --no-userinit --no-sysinit 调用sbcl，也会发生同样的问题。
In fact, pre-loading QUICKLISP is not a problem: the same problem happens if sbcl is called initially with sbcl --no-userinit --no-sysinit.
我做错了吗？
PS。如果我使用roswell，则 ros -L sbcl-bin -m核心运行不会以某种方式拾取图像（通过声明变量 * A *进行测试，然后保存，重新启动后就看不到）。
PS. If I use roswell, ros -L sbcl-bin -m core run somehow doesn't pick up the image (tested by declaring variable *A* before saving and not seeing it once restarted).
PS2。到目前为止，看来sbcl不提供扩展模块（ SB-SPROF ， SB-POSIX 等。）除非在存储图像之前明确要求它们。
PS2. So far what it looks like is that sbcl does not provide extension modules (SB-SPROF, SB-POSIX, etc.) unless they are explicitly required prior saving the image.
推荐答案
感谢@jkiiski的帮助，此处提供了完整的说明和解决方案：
Thanks for the help from @jkiiski here is the full explanation and solution:
-
SBCL使用额外的模块（
SB-SPROF，SB-POSIX等），它们并不总是加载到图像中。这些模块位于contrib目录中，该目录位于SBCL_HOME环境变量指向的位置（如果已设置）或图像所在的位置（例如，在/ usr / local / lib / sbcl /中）。
SBCL uses extra modules (
SB-SPROF,SB-POSIXand others) that are not always loaded into the image. These module reside incontribdirectory located either whereSBCL_HOMEenvironment variable pointing (if it is set) or where the image resides (for example, in/usr/local/lib/sbcl/).
当映像时保存在另一个位置，并且如果未设置 SBCL_HOME ，SBCL将无法找到 contrib ，因此我看到的错误。
When an image is saved in another location and if SBCL_HOME is not set, SBCL won't be able to find contrib, hence the errors that I saw.
将SBCL_HOME设置为指向 contrib 位置（或复制 contrib 移至图像位置或将新图像移至 contrib 位置）即可解决此问题。
Setting SBCL_HOME to point to contrib location (or copying contrib to image location or new image to contrib location) solves the problem.
最后，关于roswell：roswell参数 -m 在特定位置搜索图像。对于SBCL（ sbcl-bin ），它类似于〜/ .roswell / impls / x86-64 / linux / sbcl-bin / 1.3。 7 / dump / 。其次，SBCL的映像名称必须采用< name> .core 的形式。要启动它，请使用： ros -m< name> -L sbcl-bin运行。 （快速编辑：更好地使用 ros dump 使用罗斯韦尔向我指出来保存图像）
Finally, about roswell: roswell parameter -m searches for images in a specific location. For SBCL (sbcl-bin) it would be something like ~/.roswell/impls/x86-64/linux/sbcl-bin/1.3.7/dump/. Secondly, the image name for SBCL must have the form <name>.core. And to start it, use: ros -m <name> -L sbcl-bin run. (Quick edit: better use ros dump for saving images using roswell as it was pointed out to me)
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