用于在Python中对某些动作进行分组的类 [英] Classes to group some actions in Python

问题描述

我正在为自己的Linux发行版编写配置程序。配置分为以下部分：常规，联网，会话等。-将相似的选项分组。例如。在一般部分中，有计算机名称，描述，工作组，语言选项。

I am writing configuration program for my own Linux distribution. The configuration is divided into sections: general, networking, session, etc. - which groups similar options. E.g. in section general there are computer name, description, workgroup, language options.

我认为每个部分都应显示按类，每个选项应具有相应的属性（getter或setter）。

I think every section should be presented by the class, and each option should have corresponding property (getter and maybe setter).

此外，如果有功能可以测试给定选项是否启用（例如，系统是否满足此选项的要求），则对通用化也很好：

Moreover it would be nice for generalization if there was function to test if given option is enabled (i.e. if system meets requirements for this option) i.e.:

class General(object):

     @property
     def name(self):
         return self.get_computer_name()

     @name.setter
     def name(self, name):
         self.set_computer_name(name)

     def is_option_enabled(self, option):
         return True_or_False

我还需要这些选项（和部分）

What is more I need these options (and sections too) link together with corresponding translated name and description (using gettext).

我知道类中的硬编码表示层不是一个好主意...
我需要类似设计模式，总体思路/模板的实现方法，以使其质量高，易于管理和扩展。

I know that hard coding presentation layer in classes is not good idea... I need something like design pattern, general idea/template how to implement this so it was high quality, easy to manage and extend.

我将创建多个前端对于这些类（文本， gui，web），所以我不想每次都重复相同的代码。

I am going to create several front ends for these classes (text, gui, web) so I don't want every time to repeat same code.

我在努力思考，但不幸的是我不知道该怎么做或有任何疑问...

I am thinking very hard, but unfortunately I don't have idea how to do this or have some doubts...

谢谢：）

推荐答案

我假设您的配置构建了一个带有节点bes部分和叶子为配置选项的树。

I assume your configurations builds a tree with nodes beings sections and leaf being configuration options.

鉴于此设置，您可以使用以下类来表示深度为2的配置，例如网络使用声明性API：

Given that setup you can represent a 2 depth deep configuration like network with the following classes using a declarative API:

class InterfaceConfiguration(Configuration):
    mask = IPField()
    dns = IPField()
    IP = IPField()
    dhcp = BooleanField()
    driver = ChoiceField(choices=('madwifi', 'atheros', 'whatever'))

class NetworkConfiguration(Configuration):

   eth0 = InterfaceConfiguration(verbose_name='network interface eth0')
   eth1 = InterfaceConfiguration(verbose_name='network interface eth1')
   wlan0 = InterfaceConfiguration(verboxe_name='wireless network interface wlan0')
   hostname = StringField()
   domain = StringField()

这种声明性API是通过元类看看 dictshield 和很多 ORM 和更多实现了此功能。

This kind of declarative API is achieved with metaclasses have a look at dictshield, and the many ORMs and more that implements such feature.

给出了这组

>>> configuration = NetworkConfiguration('/path/to/config/file')
>>> configuration.eth0.verbose_name
'network interface eth0'
>>> configuration.eth0.mask.set('192.168.0.255')
True
>>> configuration.eth0.driver.choices
('madwifi', 'atheros', 'whatever')
>>> configuration.hostname.set('amokrane')
>>> configuration.domain.set('imazighen')
>>> configuration.wlan0.dhcp.get_value()
True

这种API易于实现实现并且不需要特定的python构造（请参阅下文），并提供获取和设置以外的其他方法的功能。

This kind of API is simpler to implement and doesn't require specific python construction (see below) and provide the ability to have other methods besides get and set.

如果您除了不需要其他方法获取/设置您可以使用python描述符实现不同类型的字段，我建议您阅读文章关于该主题的Python属性和方法，具有更深的外观，以及上面有关Python ORM的链接，因为这是使用的方法。

If you don't need other methods besides get/set you can use python descriptors to implement the different kind of fields, I recommand you read the article Python attributes and methods about the subject and have deeper looks and the above links about Python ORMs since that is the used method.

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