在Ruby和/或Rails中的哪里定义自定义错误类型？ [英] Where to define custom error types in Ruby and/or Rails?

问题描述

是否存在在Ruby库（gem）或Ruby on Rails应用程序中定义自定义错误类型的最佳实践？具体来说：

Is there a best practice for defining custom error types in a Ruby library (gem) or Ruby on Rails application? Specifically:

1. 它们在项目中在结构上属于哪儿？


2. 是否有任何约定确立何时 to 和何时 not 创建新的错误类型？

1. Where do they belong structurally in the project? A separate file, inlined with the relevant module/class definition, somewhere else?
2. Are there any conventions that establish when to and when not to create a new error type?

不同的库有不同的处理方式，我还没有注意到任何实际的模式。有些库始终使用自定义错误类型，而另一些则根本不使用它们。一些具有扩展StandardError的所有错误，而另一些具有嵌套的层次结构；

Different libraries have different ways of doing things, and I haven't noticed any real patterns. Some libraries always use custom error types while others don't use them at all; some have all errors extending StandardError while others have nested hierarchies; some are just empty class definitions, others have all sorts of clever tricks.

哦，只是因为我觉得调用这些错误类型有点模棱两可，所以我的意思是：

Oh, and just because I feel like calling these "error types" is sort of ambiguous, what I mean is this:

class AuthenticationError < StandardError; end
class InvalidUsername < AuthenticationError; end

推荐答案

宝石

我已经多次看到您以这种方式定义异常：

I have seen many times that you define exceptions in this way:

gem_dir /lib/gem_name/exceptions.rb

gem_dir/lib/gem_name/exceptions.rb

并定义为：

module GemName

  class AuthenticationError < StandardError; end
  class InvalidUsername < AuthenticationError; end

end

例如，< a href = https://github.com/jnunemaker/httparty/blob/master/lib/httparty/exceptions.rb> httparty

对于Ruby on Rails

将它们放在lib /文件夹下的名为exceptions.rb的文件中，该文件如下所示：

Put them in your lib/ folder under a file called exceptions.rb, which would look something like this:

module Exceptions
  class AuthenticationError < StandardError; end
  class InvalidUsername < AuthenticationError; end
end

，您将像这样使用它：

raise Exceptions::InvalidUsername

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