SwiftUI中的动态过滤器（谓词） [英] dynamic filters (predicate) in SwiftUI

问题描述

我正在使用SwiftUI和CoreData为iOS编写应用程序。我现在想解决一个问题几天。如何根据用户输入在SwiftUI中使用动态更改谓词制作动态过滤器？

I am writing an app for iOS using SwiftUI and CoreData. I am trying to solve one problem for a few days now. How to make dynamic filters using dynamically changing predicate in SwiftUI based on user input?

我已经按照本教程学习了动态过滤器和CoreData： https://www.hackingwithswift.com/quick-start/ios- swiftui / dynamic-filtering-fetchrequest-with-swiftui

I have followed this tutorial to learn about dynamic filters and CoreData: https://www.hackingwithswift.com/quick-start/ios-swiftui/dynamically-filtering-fetchrequest-with-swiftui

经过几处小改动，我得到了以下代码。
ContentView.swift ：

After few small changes I have the following code. ContentView.swift:

import SwiftUI

struct ContentView: View {

    @Environment(\.managedObjectContext) var moc
    @State var lastNameFilter = "A"

    var body: some View {

        VStack {
            FilteredList(predicate: lastNameFilter)

            Button("Add Examples") {
                let taylor = Singer(context: self.moc)
                taylor.firstName = "Taylor"
                taylor.lastName = "Swift"

                let ed = Singer(context: self.moc)
                ed.firstName = "Ed"
                ed.lastName = "Sheeran"

                let adele = Singer(context: self.moc)
                adele.firstName = "Adele"
                adele.lastName = "Adkins"

                try? self.moc.save()
            }

            Button("Show A") {
                self.lastNameFilter = "A"
            }

            Button("Show S") {
                self.lastNameFilter = "S"
            }
        }

    }
}

struct ContentView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
    static var previews: some View {
        ContentView()
    }
}

FilteredList.swift ：

import CoreData
import SwiftUI

struct FilteredList: View {

    var predicate:String
    var fetchRequest: FetchRequest<Singer>
    var singers: FetchedResults<Singer>{fetchRequest.wrappedValue}

    var body: some View {
        List(singers, id: \.self) { singer in
            Text("\(singer.firstName ?? "Unknown") \(singer.lastName ?? "Unknown")")
        }
    }

    init(predicate: String) {
        self.predicate = predicate
        self.fetchRequest = FetchRequest<Singer>(entity: Singer.entity(), sortDescriptors: [], predicate: NSPredicate(format: "lastName BEGINSWITH %@", predicate))
    }

}

//struct FilteredList_Previews: PreviewProvider {
//    static var previews: some View {
//    }
//}

我也有1个名为歌手，该实体具有2个属性： firstName 和 lastName ，它们都是字符串。
上面的示例在Simulator中似乎可以正常工作，但是在Xcode中使用预览时会使应用程序崩溃。

I also have 1 entity named Singer and this entity has 2 attributes: firstName and lastName, both of which are Strings. Above example seems to work fine in Simulator, but crashes the app when using Preview in Xcode.

我将不胜感激，例如：

• 指出要更改示例代码的哪一部分以避免在Preview中出错


• 在SwiftUI中使用动态谓词的另一种简单示例


• 链接到SwiftUI中动态过滤器的教程

推荐答案

1. 要使ContentView预览正常工作，您应该编写以下内容：

static var previews: some View {
    let context = (UIApplication.shared.delegate as! AppDelegate).persistentContainer.viewContext
    let taylor = Singer(context: context)
    taylor.firstName = "Taylor"
    taylor.lastName = "Swift"
    let ed = Singer(context: context)
    ed.firstName = "Ed"
    ed.lastName = "Sheeran"
    let adele = Singer(context: context)
    adele.firstName = "Adele"
    adele.lastName = "Adkins"
    return ContentView().environment(\.managedObjectContext, context)
}

1. 您可以实现更通用的FilteredList类型，其中您仅提供列表的谓词（可选地是排序描述符）。示例：

struct FilteredList<T: NSManagedObject, Content: View>: View {
    var fetchRequest: FetchRequest<T>
    var items: FetchedResults<T> { fetchRequest.wrappedValue }

    let content: (T) -> Content

    var body: some View {
        List(items, id: \.self) { item in
            self.content(item)
        }
    }

    init(predicate: NSPredicate?, sortDescriptors: [NSSortDescriptor] = [], @ViewBuilder content: @escaping (T) -> Content) {
        fetchRequest = FetchRequest<T>(entity: T.entity(), sortDescriptors: sortDescriptors, predicate: predicate)
        self.content = content
    }
}

使用带的新 FilteredList 类型@State private var predicate：NSPredicate？ 而不是 @State var lastNameFilter = A 。当需要新的过滤时，只需将此私有的@State属性设置为新的谓词，列表就会相应地更新。

Use this new FilteredList type with @State private var predicate: NSPredicate? instead of @State var lastNameFilter = "A". When new filtering is needed just set this private @State property to the new predicate and the list will be updated accordingly.

具体用法为：

FilteredList(predicate: predicate) { (singer: Singer) in
    Text("\(singer.firstName ?? "") \(singer.lastName ?? "")")
}

FilteredList的预览：

Preview of the FilteredList:

static var previews: some View {
    FilteredList(predicate: nil) { (singer: Singer) in
        Text("\(singer.firstName ?? "") \(singer.lastName ?? "")")
    }.environment(\.managedObjectContext, (UIApplication.shared.delegate as! AppDelegate).persistentContainer.viewContext)
}

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