使用类装饰器来实现后期初始化 [英] Use a class decorator to implement late-initialization

问题描述

我正在使用一些需要连接到数据库的类。仅在执行实际操作时才真正需要连接。我想延迟连接阶段，直到真正需要它为止。为此，我想做类似的事情：

I am using some classes which need to connect to databases. The connection is only really needed when performing a real action. I want to delay the connection phase until it is really needed. For that, I want to do something similar to this:

class MyClass

    def __init__(self):
        self.conn = None

    def connect(self):
        if self.conn : return
        self.conn = ConnectToDatabase()

    @connect
    def do_something1(self):
        self.conn.do_something1()

    @connect
    def do_something2(self):
        self.conn.do_something2()

但是我不知道如何定义 connect 该类的装饰器。

But I do not know how to define the connect decorator for the class.

我当然可以做这样的事情：

I could of course do something like this:

    def do_something1(self):
        self.connect()
        self.conn.do_something1()

但是使用装饰器似乎更易读。

But using decorators seems a more readable solution. Is it possible?

推荐答案

不是尝试装饰需要连接的功能，而是使用属性来获取连接本身。 / p>

Rather than trying to decorate the functions that require connections, use a property for getting the connection itself.

class MyClass(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self._conn = None

    @property
    def conn(self):
        if self._conn is None:
            self._conn = ConnectToDatabase()
        return self._conn

    def do_something1(self):
        self.conn.do_something1()

    def do_something2(self):
        self.conn.do_something2()

作为一个简单的装饰器示例，请假装F.J的答案：

As for a straight decorator example, playing off F.J's answer:

def prerequisite(prerequisite_function, *pre_args, **pre_kwargs):
    def wrapper(func):
        def wrapped(self, *args, **kwargs):
            prerequisite_function(self, *pre_args, **pre_kwargs)
            return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
        return wrapped
    return wrapper

 class MyClass(object):

     def __init__(self):
         self.conn = None

     def connect(self):
         if self.conn is None:
             self.conn = ConnectToDatabase()

     @prerequisite(connect)
     def do_something(self):
         self.conn.do_something()

您还可以通过创建描述符来使前提条件更加健壮，以便它对于函数和静态方法以及类和实例方法可以正确运行。

You could also make prerequisite more robust by making it create descriptors so that it can behave correctly for functions and static methods as well as class and instance methods.

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