如何访问装饰器属性？ [英] How to access decorator attributes?

问题描述

是否可以在Python 3中访问装饰器属性？

Is it possible to access decorator attributes in Python 3?

例如：是否可以访问 self.misses

For example: is it possible to access self.misses after the call to the decorated fibonacci method?

class Cache:
    def __init__(self, func):
        self.func = func
        self.cache = {}
        self.misses = 0    
    def __call__(self, *args):
        if not (args in self.cache):
            self.misses += 1
            self.cache[args] = self.func(*args)
        return self.cache[args]

@Cache    
def fibonacci(n):
    return n if n in (0, 1) else fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)

fibonacci(20)
### now we want to print the number of cache misses ###

推荐答案

装饰函数（或类，或其他任何东西）时，实际上是用装饰器的返回值替换装饰的对象。这意味着：

When you decorate a function (or class, or anything else), you're actually replacing the decorated object with the return value of the decorator. That means that this:

@Cache    
def fibonacci(n):
    return n if n in (0, 1) else fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)

对此：

def fibonacci(n):
    return n if n in (0, 1) else fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)

fibonacci = Cache(fibonacci)

因此， fibonacci 现在是 Cache 实例，而不是函数：

Consequently, fibonacci is now a Cache instance and not a function:

>>> fibonacci
<__main__.Cache object at 0x7fd4d8b63e80>

因此，要获取高速缓存未命中的数量，您只需要访问斐波那契的缺失属性：

So in order to get the number of cache misses, you just need to access fibonacci's misses attribute:

>>> fibonacci.misses
21

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