将--user和--prefix错误与setup.py install结合使用 [英] Combine --user with --prefix error with setup.py install

问题描述

我正在尝试将Python软件包安装到我最近可以访问的系统上。我试图利用Python相对较新的每个用户站点软件包目录，以及新选项-user 。 （该选项为当前未记录，但是它在Python 2.6+中存在；您可以通过运行 python setup.py install --help 。）

I was trying to install Python packages a system I recently gained access to. I was trying to take advantage of Python's relatively new per user site-packages directory, and the new option --user. (The option is currently undocumented, however it exists for Python 2.6+; you can see the help by running python setup.py install --help.)

当我尝试运行时

python setup.py install --user

在我下载的任何软件包上，总是出现以下错误：

on any package I downloaded, I always got the following error:

error: can't combine user with with prefix/exec_prefix/home or install_(plat)base

该错误非常令人困惑，因为如您所见，我没有提供-前缀，-exec前缀，- install-base 或-install-platbase 标志作为命令行选项。我浪费了很多时间试图找出问题所在。我在下面记录我的答案，以期使另一些可怜的人省下几个小时的 y牛剃毛。

The error was extremely perplexing because, as you can see, I wasn't providing the --prefix, --exec-prefix, --install-base, or --install-platbase flags as command line options. I wasted a lot of time trying to figure out what the problem was. I document my answer below, in hopes to spare some other poor soul a few hours of yak shaving.

推荐答案

一次解决方法：

One time workaround:

pip install --user --install-option="--prefix=" <package_name>

或

python setup.py install --user --prefix=

请注意，没有 = 之后的文本（甚至不是空格）。

Note that there is no text (not even whitespace) after the =.

不要不要忘记-user 标志。

使用以下内容创建〜/ .pydistutils.cfg （或等同于您的OS /平台）：

Create ~/.pydistutils.cfg (or equivalent for your OS/platform) with the following contents:

[install]
prefix=

请注意 = 之后没有文本（甚至没有空格）。

Note that there is no text (not even whitespace) after the =.

然后运行必要的 pip install --user 或 python setup.py install --user 命令。 不要忘记-user 标志。

Then run the necessary pip install --user or python setup.py install --user commands. Do not forget the --user flag.

最后，删除或重命名文件。在系统范围内（例如，没有-user 的用户）以该用户身份使用此〜/ .pydistutils安装Python软件包时，将该文件保留为当前内容将导致问题。 .cfg 。

Finally, remove or rename this file. Leaving this file present will cause issues when installing Python packages system-wide (i.e., without --user) as this user with this ~/.pydistutils.cfg.

这似乎是OpenSUSE和RedHat的问题，导致在这些平台上的 virtualenv中的错误。

This appears to be an issue with both OpenSUSE and RedHat, which has lead to a bug in virtualenv on these platforms.

错误源于系统级 distutils配置文件（在我的情况下为 /usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/distutils.cfg ）在哪里

The error stems from a system-level distutils configuration file (in my case /usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/distutils.cfg) where there was this

[install]
prefix=/usr/local

基本上，这等效于始终以 install --prefix = / usr / local 的身份运行install命令。您必须使用上面的一种技术来覆盖此规范。

Basically, this is equivalent to always running the install command as install --prefix=/usr/local. You have to override this specification using one of the techniques above.

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