如何在Django中上传文件？ [英] How to upload a file in Django?
问题描述
作为Django的新手，我很难在Django 1.3中制作上传应用程序。我找不到任何最新的示例/代码段。有人可以发布一个简单但完整的（模型，视图，模板）示例代码吗？
As a newbie to Django, I am having difficulty making an upload app in Django 1.3. I could not find any up-to-date example/snippets. May someone post a minimal but complete (Model, View, Template) example code to do so?
推荐答案
Phew，Django文档确实如此对此没有很好的例子。我花了2个多小时来挖掘所有内容，以了解其工作原理。有了这些知识，我实现了一个项目，该项目可以上传文件并将其显示为列表。要下载该项目的源代码，请访问 https://github.com/axelpale/minimal -django-file-upload-example 或克隆它：
Phew, Django documentation really does not have good example about this. I spent over 2 hours to dig up all the pieces to understand how this works. With that knowledge I implemented a project that makes possible to upload files and show them as list. To download source for the project, visit https://github.com/axelpale/minimal-django-file-upload-example or clone it:
> git clone https://github.com/axelpale/minimal-django-file-upload-example.git
更新2013年1月30日：：GitHub上的源代码除了1.3之外，还实现了Django 1.4。即使更改很少，以下教程对1.4也有用。
Update 2013-01-30: The source at GitHub has also implementation for Django 1.4 in addition to 1.3. Even though there is few changes the following tutorial is also useful for 1.4.
更新2013-05-10： GitHub上Django 1.5的实现。 urls.py中重定向的微小变化以及list.html中url模板标记的用法。感谢 hubert3 的努力。
Update 2013-05-10: Implementation for Django 1.5 at GitHub. Minor changes in redirection in urls.py and usage of url template tag in list.html. Thanks to hubert3 for the effort.
2013-12-07更新： GitHub上支持Django 1.6。一次导入已在myapp / urls.py中更改。感谢 Arthedian 。
Update 2013-12-07: Django 1.6 supported at GitHub. One import changed in myapp/urls.py. Thanks goes to Arthedian.
2015年更新-03-17：感谢 aronysidoro 。
更新2015-09-04：感谢 nerogit 。
更新2016年7月3日：由于 daavve 和 nerogit
一个基本的Django 1.3项目，具有单个应用程序和用于上载的media /目录。
A basic Django 1.3 project with single app and media/ directory for uploads.
minimal-django-file-upload-example/
src/
myproject/
database/
sqlite.db
media/
myapp/
templates/
myapp/
list.html
forms.py
models.py
urls.py
views.py
__init__.py
manage.py
settings.py
urls.py
1。设置：myproject / settings.py
要上传和提供文件，您需要指定Django存储上传文件的位置以及Django从哪些URL提供文件。默认情况下，MEDIA_ROOT和MEDIA_URL位于settings.py中，但它们为空。有关详细信息，请参见 Django管理文件中的第一行。还记得设置数据库并将myapp添加到INSTALLED_APPS
1. Settings: myproject/settings.py
To upload and serve files, you need to specify where Django stores uploaded files and from what URL Django serves them. MEDIA_ROOT and MEDIA_URL are in settings.py by default but they are empty. See the first lines in Django Managing Files for details. Remember also set the database and add myapp to INSTALLED_APPS
...
import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))
...
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'database.sqlite3'),
'USER': '',
'PASSWORD': '',
'HOST': '',
'PORT': '',
}
}
...
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
...
INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
'myapp',
)
2。模型：myproject / myapp / models.py
接下来，您需要一个带有FileField的模型。此特定字段存储文件，例如到media / documents / 2011/12/24 /基于当前日期和MEDIA_ROOT。参见 FileField参考。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.db import models
class Document(models.Model):
docfile = models.FileField(upload_to='documents/%Y/%m/%d')
3。形式：myproject / myapp / forms.py
要顺利处理上传，您需要一个形式。这种形式只有一个字段，但是就足够了。有关详细信息，请参见表单FileField参考。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django import forms
class DocumentForm(forms.Form):
docfile = forms.FileField(
label='Select a file',
help_text='max. 42 megabytes'
)
4。视图：myproject / myapp / views.py
所有魔术发生的视图。请注意如何处理 request.FILES 。对我来说，很难发现 request.FILES ['docfile'] 可以保存到model.FileField这样的事实。模型的save（）自动处理将文件存储到文件系统。
4. View: myproject/myapp/views.py
A view where all the magic happens. Pay attention how request.FILES are handled. For me, it was really hard to spot the fact that request.FILES['docfile'] can be saved to models.FileField just like that. The model's save() handles the storing of the file to the filesystem automatically.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from django.template import RequestContext
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from myproject.myapp.models import Document
from myproject.myapp.forms import DocumentForm
def list(request):
# Handle file upload
if request.method == 'POST':
form = DocumentForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
if form.is_valid():
newdoc = Document(docfile = request.FILES['docfile'])
newdoc.save()
# Redirect to the document list after POST
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('myapp.views.list'))
else:
form = DocumentForm() # A empty, unbound form
# Load documents for the list page
documents = Document.objects.all()
# Render list page with the documents and the form
return render_to_response(
'myapp/list.html',
{'documents': documents, 'form': form},
context_instance=RequestContext(request)
)
5。项目URL：myproject / urls.py
Django默认不提供MEDIA_ROOT。在生产环境中那将是危险的。但是在开发阶段，我们可以缩短。注意最后一行。该行使Django可以提供来自MEDIA_URL的文件。
5. Project URLs: myproject/urls.py
Django does not serve MEDIA_ROOT by default. That would be dangerous in production environment. But in development stage, we could cut short. Pay attention to the last line. That line enables Django to serve files from MEDIA_URL. This works only in developement stage.
请参见 django.conf.urls.static.static参考了解详情。另请参见有关投放的讨论媒体文件。
See django.conf.urls.static.static reference for details. See also this discussion about serving media files.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^', include('myapp.urls')),
) + static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)
6。应用程序URL：myproject / myapp / urls.py
要使视图可访问，必须为其指定URL。
6. App URLs: myproject/myapp/urls.py
To make the view accessible, you must specify urls for it. Nothing special here.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
url(r'^list/$', 'list', name='list'),
)
7。模板：myproject / myapp / templates / myapp / list.html
最后一部分：列表的模板及其下面的上传表单。表单必须将enctype-attribute设置为 multipart / form-data，并将方法设置为 post，才能上传到Django。有关详细信息，请参见文件上传文档。
FileField具有许多可在模板中使用的属性。例如。 {{document.docfile.url}}和{{document.docfile.name}}就像模板中一样。在在模型中使用文件中查看更多有关这些内容的信息和文件对象文档。
The FileField has many attributes that can be used in templates. E.g. {{ document.docfile.url }} and {{ document.docfile.name }} as in the template. See more about these in Using files in models article and The File object documentation.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Minimal Django File Upload Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- List of uploaded documents -->
{% if documents %}
<ul>
{% for document in documents %}
<li><a href="{{ document.docfile.url }}">{{ document.docfile.name }}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% else %}
<p>No documents.</p>
{% endif %}
<!-- Upload form. Note enctype attribute! -->
<form action="{% url 'list' %}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>{{ form.non_field_errors }}</p>
<p>{{ form.docfile.label_tag }} {{ form.docfile.help_text }}</p>
<p>
{{ form.docfile.errors }}
{{ form.docfile }}
</p>
<p><input type="submit" value="Upload" /></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
8。初始化
只需运行syncdb和runserver。
8. Initialize
Just run syncdb and runserver.
> cd myproject
> python manage.py syncdb
> python manage.py runserver
结果
最后，一切准备就绪。在默认的Django开发环境中，可以在 localhost：8000 / list / 中查看上载的文档列表。今天，文件已上传到/ path / to / myproject / media / documents / 2011/12/17 /，并且可以从列表中打开。
Results
Finally, everything is ready. On default Django developement environment the list of uploaded documents can be seen at localhost:8000/list/. Today the files are uploaded to /path/to/myproject/media/documents/2011/12/17/ and can be opened from the list.
我希望这个答案将对某人的帮助与对我的帮助一样。
I hope this answer will help someone as much as it would have helped me.
这篇关于如何在Django中上传文件？的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
