使用dict参数的OR条件的Django过滤器 [英] Django filter with OR condition using dict argument

问题描述

我在Django应用中有一个函数，可以执行一些Queryset操作并将其结果设置为Memcache。由于它是一种功能，因此必须具有通用性。因此，为了使其可重用，我将dict作为 filter 和 exclude 操作的参数传递。这是函数：

I have a function on my Django app where I perform some Queryset actions and set it's result to Memcache. Since it is a function it has to be of general usage. So in order to make it reusable I pass a dict as parameter for filter and exclude actions. This is the function:

def cached_query(key, model, my_filter=None, exclude=None, order_by=None, sliced=50):
    """
    :param key: string used as key reference to store on Memcached
    :param model: model reference on which 'filter' will be called
    :param my_filter: dictionary containing the filter parameters (eg.: {'title': 'foo', 'category': 'bar'}
    :param sliced: integer limit of results from the query. The lower the better, since for some reason Django Memcached
        won't store thousands of entries in memory
    :param exclude: dictionary containing the exclude parameters (eg.: {'title': 'foo', 'category': 'bar'}
    :param order_by: tuple containing the list of fields upon which the model will be ordered.
    :return: list of models. Not a QuerySet, since it was sliced.
    """
    result = cache.get(key, None)
    if not result:
        if my_filter:
            result = model.objects.filter(**my_filter)
        if exclude:
            result = result.exclude(**exclude)
        if order_by:
            result = result.order_by(*order_by)
        else:
            result = model.objects.all()
        result = result[:sliced]
        cache.set(key, result, cache_timeout)
    return result

如果我使用这样的简单字典过滤查询集，效果很好{'title'：'foo'，'name'：'bar'} 。但是，情况并非总是如此。对于需要 OR 条件的更复杂的查询，我需要使用 django.db.models.Q 实用工具执行过滤器。

It works pretty fine if I filter the queryset with a simple dict like {'title': 'foo', 'name': 'bar'}. However that won't be always the case. I need to perform filters using the django.db.models.Q utility for more complex queries which require OR condition.

因此，如何将这些参数作为字典传递给过滤器。

So, how can I pass these parameters as a dictionary on a filter. Is there any approach for this?

推荐答案

您可以将字典重组为单个键值字典列表，并在其中使用解压缩功能 Q 表达式中的每个 dict 像这样：

You can restructure your dictionary into a list of single key-value dictionaries and use unpacking on each dict inside the Q expression like so:

from functools import reduce
import operator

from django.db.models import Q

# your dict is my_filter
q = model.objects.filter(reduce(operator.or_, 
                                (Q(**d) for d in [dict([i]) for i in my_filter.items()])))

减少或在OR上加入 Q 表达式。

您还可以使用生成器表达式，其中您有列表的列表：

You could also use a generator expression where you have the list of dicts:

q = model.objects.filter(reduce(operator.or_, 
                                (Q(**d) for d in (dict([i]) for i in my_filter.items()))))

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