Django Rest Framework嵌套关系 [英] Django Rest Framework nested relationship

问题描述

我是使用Django的新手，我需要您的帮助

I'm new in using Django, I need your help

因此，我创建了这样的模型

So, I created a model like this

models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Pegawai(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=60)
    alias = models.CharField(max_length=60)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Barang(models.Model):
    pegawai = models.ForeignKey(Pegawai,on_delete=models.CASCADE,related_name='barangs',)
    nama_barang = models.CharField(max_length=60)
    harga_barang = models.CharField(max_length=60)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.pegawai.name

我的序列化器：

serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers, fields

from .models import Pegawai,Barang


class BarangSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Barang
        fields = (
                'pegawai', 
                'nama_barang',
                'harga_barang',
                )

class PegawaiSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    barangs = BarangSerializer(read_only=True, many=True)
    class Meta:
        model = Pegawai
        fields = (
                'id',
                'name', 
                'alias',
                'barangs',
                )

我的观点：

views.py

from rest_framework import viewsets

from .serializers import PegawaiSerializer,BarangSerializer
from .models import Pegawai,Barang

class BarangViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Barang.objects.all().order_by('nama_barang')
    serializer_class = BarangSerializer

class PegawaiViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Pegawai.objects.all().order_by('name')
    serializer_class = PegawaiSerializer

结果：

{
    "id": 5,
    "name": "Ryan",
    "alias": "R",
    "barangs": [
        {
            "pegawai": 5,
            "nama_barang": "burjo",
            "harga_barang": "1234"
        },

问题：如何将Pegawai字段从ID更改为Name？像这样：

Question: how can i change pegawai fields from id to name? like this:

{
    "id": 5,
    "name": "Ryan",
    "alias": "R",
    "barangs": [
        {
            "pegawai": Ryan,
            "nama_barang": "burjo",
            "harga_barang": "1234"
        },

我已经搜索了一些解决方案但没有任何效果，我不知道问题出在哪里，因此我需要您的指导。欢呼。

I've searched some solutions but nothing works, I don't know where the problem is, so I need your guide. Cheers.

推荐答案

方法1

由于已定义<在您的 Pegawai 模型中，strong> __ str __（） 方法，您可以使用 StringRelatedField（... ）

class BarangSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    pegawai = serializers.StringRelatedField()

    class Meta:
        model = Barang
        fields = (
            'pegawai',
            'nama_barang',
            'harga_barang',
        )

方法2

使用 CharField

class BarangSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    pegawai = serializers.CharField(source='pegawai.name')

    class Meta:
        model = Barang
        fields = (
            'pegawai',
            'nama_barang',
            'harga_barang',
        )

---

UPDATE-1

要在创建模型对象时解决问题，请覆盖 to_representation（） 方法

---

UPDATE-1

To solve issues while creation of model objects, override the to_representation() method

class BarangSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Barang
        fields = (
            'pegawai',
            'nama_barang',
            'harga_barang',
        )

    def to_representation(self, instance):
        rep = super().to_representation(instance)
        rep['pegawai'] = instance.pegawai.name
        return rep

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