如何在dockerfile中使用bash配置文件 [英] How to use bash profile in dockerfile

问题描述

我正在尝试使用dockerfile构建映像。
dockerfile中的命令如下所示：

I am trying to build an image using dockerfile. The commands in the dockerfile looks something like these:

FROM ubuntu:16.04
:
:
RUN pip3 install virtualenvwrapper  
RUN echo '# Python virtual environment wrapper' >> ~/.bashrc
RUN echo 'export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3' >> ~/.bashrc
RUN echo 'export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs' >> ~/.bashrc
RUN echo 'source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh' >> ~/.bashrc

这些命令之后，我将使用virtualenvwrapper命令创建一些virtualenvs。

After these commands, I will use virtualenvwrapper commands to make some virtualenvs.

如果我只有环境变量要在〜/ .bashrc 中处理，我会使用 ARG 或 ENV 进行设置。

If I had only environment variables to deal with in ~/.bashrc, I would have used ARG or ENV to set them up.

但是现在我还有其他shell脚本文件，例如 virtualenvwrapper.sh 设置一些自己的变量。

But now I also have other shell script files like virtualenvwrapper.sh the will be setting some of their own variables.

此外，运行源〜/ .bashrc 不起作用（源不找到。）

Also, RUN source ~/.bashrc is not working (source not found).

我该怎么办？

推荐答案

您不应尝试编辑 .bash_profile 之类的shell点文件在Dockerfile中。有许多不通过外壳的常见路径（例如， CMD [ python， myapp.py] 不会不能启动任何类型的Shell，并且不会读取 .bash_profile ）。如果需要在映像中全局设置环境变量，请使用Dockerfile ENV 指令。

You shouldn't try to edit shell dotfiles like .bash_profile in a Dockerfile. There are many common paths that don't go via a shell (e.g., CMD ["python", "myapp.py"] won't launch any sort of shell and won't read a .bash_profile). If you need to globally set an environment variable in an image, use the Dockerfile ENV directive.

对于Python应用程序，您只需使用 pip install 将应用程序安装到映像的全局 Python中。 您不需要特别的虚拟环境； Docker提供了许多相同的隔离功能（在Dockerfile中的 pip安装不会影响您主机系统的全局安装软件包）。

For a Python application, you should just install your application into the image's "global" Python using pip install. You don't specifically need a virtual environment; Docker provides a lot of the same isolation capabilities (something you pip install in a Dockerfile won't affect your host system's globally installed packages).

一个典型的Python应用程序Dockerfile（从 https：//hub.docker复制。 com / _ / python / ）看起来像是

A typical Python application Dockerfile (copied from https://hub.docker.com/_/python/) might look like

FROM python:3
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
COPY . .
CMD ["python", "./your-daemon-or-script.py"]

最后一个问题， source 是仅某些Shell提供的供应商扩展。 POSIX标准不需要它，默认的<$ c Debian中的$ c> / bin / sh 和Ubuntu没有提供它。无论如何，由于环境变量会在每个 RUN 命令上重置，因此 RUN源... （或更可移植地是<$如果在该 RUN 行中没有其他事件发生，则c $ c> RUN。... ）是无操作的。

On your last question, source is a vendor extension that only some shells provide; the POSIX standard doesn't require it and the default /bin/sh in Debian and Ubuntu doesn't provide it. In any case since environment variables get reset on every RUN command, RUN source ... (or more portably RUN . ...) is a no-op if nothing else happens in that RUN line.

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