提迪尔传播后，如何控制新变量的名称？ [英] How to control new variables' names after tidyr's spread?
问题描述
我有一个采用面板结构的数据框：两年内每个单元有2个观测值：
I have a dataframe with panel structure: 2 observations for each unit from two years:
library(tidyr)
mydf <- data.frame(
id = rep(1:3, rep(2,3)),
year = rep(c(2012, 2013), 3),
value = runif(6)
)
mydf
# id year value
#1 1 2012 0.09668064
#2 1 2013 0.62739399
#3 2 2012 0.45618433
#4 2 2013 0.60347152
#5 3 2012 0.84537624
#6 3 2013 0.33466030
我想将此数据整形为宽格式，可以使用 tidyr :: spread轻松完成。但是，由于 year 变量的值是数字，所以我的新变量的名称也变成了数字，这使得进一步使用它变得更加困难。
I would like to reshape this data to wide format which can be done easily with tidyr::spread. However, as the values of the year variable are numbers, the names of my new variables become numbers as well which makes its further use harder.
spread(mydf, year, value)
# id 2012 2013
#1 1 0.09668064 0.6273940
#2 2 0.45618433 0.6034715
#3 3 0.84537624 0.3346603
我知道我可以轻松地重命名列。但是，如果我想与其他操作一起在链中进行重塑，则将带来不便。例如。
I know I can easily rename the columns. However, if I would like to reshape within a chain with other operations, it becomes inconvenient. E.g. the following line obviously does not make sense.
library(dplyr)
mydf %>% spread(year, value) %>% filter(2012 > 0.5)
以下工作原理并不那么简洁：
The following works but is not that concise:
tmp <- spread(mydf, year, value)
names(tmp) <- c("id", "y2012", "y2013")
filter(tmp, y2012 > 0.5)
有什么想法可以在 spread 范围内更改新变量名吗？
Any idea how I can change the new variable names within spread?
推荐答案
我知道自最初提出此问题以来已经过去了几年，但为了后代，我还要强调 sep 自变量 的参数。不为 NULL 时，它将用作键名和值之间的分隔符：
I know some years has passed since this question was originally asked, but for posterity I want to also highlight the sep argument of spread. When not NULL, it will be used as separator between the key name and values:
mydf %>%
spread(key = year, value = value, sep = "")
# id year2012 year2013
#1 1 0.15608322 0.6886531
#2 2 0.04598124 0.0792947
#3 3 0.16835445 0.1744542
问题，但足以满足我的目的。参见？价差。
This is not exactly as wanted in the question, but sufficient for my purposes. See ?spread.
使用提迪尔1.0.0更新：提迪尔1.0.0现在已经引入了 pivot_wider （和 pivot_longer ），它允许在这方面使用参数 names_prefix 。因此现在的调用将是：
Update with tidyr 1.0.0: tidyr 1.0.0 have now introduced pivot_wider (and pivot_longer) which allows for more control in this respect with the arguments names_sep and names_prefix. So now the call would be:
mydf %>%
pivot_wider(names_from = year, values_from = value,
names_prefix = "year")
# # A tibble: 3 x 3
# id year2012 year2013
# <int> <dbl> <dbl>
# 1 1 0.347 0.388
# 2 2 0.565 0.924
# 3 3 0.406 0.296
要获得最初想要的内容（仅以 y作为前缀），您现在当然可以通过简单地具有 names_prefix = y 来直接获得。
To get exactly what was originally wanted (prefixing "y" only) you can of course now get that directly by simply having names_prefix = "y".
使用 names_sep 的情况是，当您收集多个列时，如下所示，其中我在数据中添加了四分之一：
The names_sep is used in case you gather over multiple columns as demonstrated below where I have added quarters to the data:
# Add quarters to data
mydf2 <- data.frame(
id = rep(1:3, each = 8),
year = rep(rep(c(2012, 2013), each = 4), 3),
quarter = rep(c("Q1","Q2","Q3","Q4"), 3),
value = runif(24)
)
head(mydf2)
# id year quarter value
# 1 1 2012 Q1 0.8651470
# 2 1 2012 Q2 0.3944423
# 3 1 2012 Q3 0.4580580
# 4 1 2012 Q4 0.2902604
# 5 1 2013 Q1 0.4751588
# 6 1 2013 Q2 0.6851755
mydf2 %>%
pivot_wider(names_from = c(year, quarter), values_from = value,
names_sep = "_", names_prefix = "y")
# # A tibble: 3 x 9
# id y2012_Q1 y2012_Q2 y2012_Q3 y2012_Q4 y2013_Q1 y2013_Q2 y2013_Q3 y2013_Q4
# <int> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
# 1 1 0.865 0.394 0.458 0.290 0.475 0.685 0.213 0.920
# 2 2 0.566 0.614 0.509 0.0515 0.974 0.916 0.681 0.509
# 3 3 0.968 0.615 0.670 0.748 0.723 0.996 0.247 0.449
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