elisp宏写一个函数？ [英] elisp macro to write a function?

问题描述

我写了一些几乎相同的函数，除了它们的名字。例如：

I have written a few nearly identical functions, except for their names. For example:

; x is name, such as function/paragraph/line/etc.
(defun my-x-function
 (interactive)
 (mark-x) (do-more-stuff) (modify-x))

是否可以自动生成此类函数？我感觉这就是宏的作用，但是我不确定如何使用它们。

Is there a way to automatically generate such functions? I have a feeling this is what macros do, but I am not sure how to use them. Any help, maybe including a small example would be great.

谢谢！

推荐答案

是的，这正是宏所做的。这是一个简单的宏，可以根据您指定的模式构建函数：

Yep, that's exactly what macros do. Here's a straightforward macro that builds functions according to the pattern you specified:

(defmacro make-my-function (name)
  (list 'defun (intern (format "my-%s-function" name)) ()
        (list 'interactive)
        (list (intern (format "mark-%s" name)))
        (list 'do-more-stuff)
        (list (intern (format "modify-%s" name)))))

您可以将此宏复制到Emacs中的 * scratch * 缓冲区并进行评估，然后检查它的工作原理是这样的：

You can copy this macro to a *scratch* buffer in Emacs and evaluate it, and then check that it works like this:

(make-my-function x) ; type control-J here
my-x-function ; <-- Emacs's output
(symbol-function 'my-x-function) ; type control-J here
(lambda nil (interactive) (mark-x) (do-more-stuff) (modify-x)) ; <-- Emacs's output

更常见的是使用 backquote 工具可以更简洁地编写宏，但是所有宏在本质上都与上述相同例如。

More commonly one would use the backquote facility to write macros more concisely, but all macros essentially work in the same manner as the above example.

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