复制项目如何处理错误 [英] How handle errors with copy-item
问题描述
我有一个备份脚本，可以将文件的多个目录复制到备份位置。不幸的是，并非文件夹中的所有文件都可以访问。历史记录就是它们已存档，剩下的是带有灰色x的文件名。当我尝试复制它时，出现以下消息：
I have a backup script that copies several directories of files to a backup location. Unfortunately, not all of the files in the folder are accessible. What the history is, is that they were archived, and what's left is a filename with a grey x on it. When I try to copy it, I get the following message:
Copy-Item : Access to the path 'E:\Backup\Loc\DO\zOLD_Under Review for NOT USED_keep for now\2006-06\N.doc' is denied.
At C:\Users\me\Documents\powershellFiles\Backup.ps1:13 char:4
+ Copy-Item -Path $SourcePath -Destination $DestinationPath -Force - ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo : PermissionDenied: (N.doc:FileInfo) [Copy-Item], UnauthorizedAccessException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : CopyDirectoryInfoItemUnauthorizedAccessError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.CopyItemCommand
是的，它在收件人位置抱怨，不是发件人位置。我已经打开目录/文件，所以它不是只读的，但仍然可以读取。
Yes, it's complaining at the To Location, not the From Location. I have opened up the directory/files so it's not read only, but still get this.
此外，解决这些复制错误还需要很长时间。如果我可以避免首先复制这些文件，那将更快。这些文件可能已存档200个。
Also, getting through these copy errors takes a really long time. If I could avoid trying to copy these files in the first place, it would be much quicker. There's probably 200 of these files that are archived.
但是，我是在复制文件夹，而不是单独复制文件名。该文件夹中没有存档文件。没有清理它们的计划。我试图确定何时发生错误，但是只有在$ error.Exception -ne $ null语句将错误写入屏幕并永久失败之后，它才会达到断点（见注释）。
However, I'm copying the folder, not the filenames individually. There are ones that aren't archived in that folder. There isn't a plan to clean them up. I'm trying to identify when an error occurs, but it's only hitting my breakpoint if $error.Exception -ne $null statement after it writes the errors to screen and takes forever failing (see comment).
有什么主意我可以过滤出已归档的文件，或者获取它们并对照数组或列表进行检查，这样我就不会收到错误消息？自从复制整个文件夹以来，我还没有弄清楚如何找到它们。
Any idea how I can either filter out the ones that are archived, or grab them and check them against an array or list so I don't get an error message? I haven't figured out how to find them as they happen since it's copying the entire folder.
我一直在查看在复制项目期间进行错误检查，但我不知道如何将其应用于我的问题。
I was looking at error checking during copy-item but I don't see how to apply that to my issue.
这是复制方法：
function CopyFileToFolderUNC($SourcePath, $DestinationPath){
if(-Not (Test-Path $SourcePath))
{
$global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: No such path, $SourcePath;; ")
write-output "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. No such path, $SourcePath ++"
}
Copy-Item -Path $SourcePath -Destination $DestinationPath -Force -Recurse -errorVariable errors
foreach($error in $errors)
{
if ($error.Exception -ne $null)
{
$global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: $($error.Exception);; ")
write-output "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception) ++" #this breakpoint is hit after giving errors on screen and taking a long time/failing to copy files it can't reach
}
write-output "Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception)"
}
}
此是我根据@theo的建议进行的最新尝试，但是它正在尝试复制尚未测试的文件的属性，而该文件可以复制，只是上面的目录：
This is my latest try based on what was suggested by @theo, but it's trying to copy files I hadn't tested attributes for a file I can copy, just the dir above it:
function CopyFileToFolderUNC($SourcePath, $DestinationPath, $exclude){
if(-Not (Test-Path $SourcePath )) #-PathType Container
{
$global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: No such path, $SourcePath;; ")
write-output "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. No such path, $SourcePath ++"
}
#$tempFileName = [System.IO.Path]::GetFileName($SourcePath)
#$tempDestFileNamePath = "$DestinationPath\$tempFileName"
Get-ChildItem -Path $SourcePath -Recurse -Force | ForEach {$_} {
#test if maybe we are dealing with an off-line file here
#or use the enum name 'Offline'
# or use the numeric value: 4096
#$oldAttribs = $null
$attr = $_.Attributes.value__
write-output "++ $_ $attr ++"
if (($_.Attributes -eq [System.IO.FileAttributes]::Offline) -or ($_.Attributes.value__ -eq "4096")) {
$_.Attributes=[System.IO.FileAttributes]::Normal
#$oldAttribs = $_.Attributes
#make it a 'normal' file with only the Archive bit set
#$_.Attributes = [System.IO.FileAttributes]::Archive
#log that the file was an issue and copy the other ones
$global:ErrorStrings.Add("Found offline file in backup dir, $_. Logging info and not copying this file. Offline. Please investigate.;; ")
write-output "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. No such path or file, Offline $_ ++"
} #if
elseif(($_.Attributes -eq [System.IO.Fileattributes]::Archive) -or ($_.Attributes.value__ -eq "32")) {
$global:ErrorStrings.Add("Found offline file in backup dir, $_. Logging info and not copying this file. Archive. Please investigate.;; ")
write-output "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. No such path or file, Archive $_ ++"
} #elseif
elseif(($_.Attributes -eq [System.IO.Fileattributes]::SparseFile) -or ($_.Attributes.value__ -eq "512")) {
$global:ErrorStrings.Add("Found offline file in backup dir, $_. Logging info and not copying this file. SparseFile. Please investigate.;; ")
write-output "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. No such path or file, SparseFile $_ ++"
} #elseif
elseif(($_.Attributes -eq [System.IO.Fileattributes]::ReparsePoint) -or ($_.Attributes.value__ -eq "1024")) {
$global:ErrorStrings.Add("Found offline file in backup dir, $_. Logging info and not copying this file. ReparsePoint. Please investigate.;; ")
write-output "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. No such path or file, ReparsePoint $_ ++"
} #elseif
else {
#the file is not or no longer off-line, so proceed with the copy
$_ | Copy-Item -Destination $DestinationPath -Force -Recurse -ErrorVariable errors
foreach($error in $errors)
{
if ($error.Exception -ne $null)
{
$global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: $($error.Exception);; ")
write-output "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception) ++"
}
write-output "Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception)"
}
} #else
#if ($oldAttribs) {
# $_.Attributes = $oldAttribs
#}
} #Get-ChildItem
例如，我正在＼测试目录\＼drive\folder\Forms\C Forms\，它说这是一个很好的属性 16，但是该目录中有一个文件，该副本正试图将其复制到我的dest目录中，看到它具有以下属性：file.pdf存档，SparseFile，ReparsePoint，脱机，但我没有测试该文件，我最后测试属性的是其所在的目录。
For example, I'm testing a dir at \\drive\folder\Forms\C Forms\ and it says it's a good attribute "16", but there's a file in that dir that the copy is trying to copy over to my dest dir and I'm seeing it has this for attributes: file.pdf Archive, SparseFile, ReparsePoint, Offline. But I'm not testing that file, the last thing I tested attributes for was the dir it's in.
推荐答案
在我看来，您描述的文件是脱机文件。
在您的函数中，您可以使用某些方法测试情况是否如此像这样：
To me it looks like the files you describe are Off-line files.
In your function you can test if that is the case using something like this:
function CopyFileToFolderUNC($SourcePath, $DestinationPath){
if(-Not (Test-Path $SourcePath)) {
$global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: No such path, $SourcePath;; ")
Write-Output "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. No such path, $SourcePath ++"
}
# test if maybe we are dealing with an off-line file here
if ((Get-Item -Path $SourcePath).Attributes -band 4096) { # or use the enum name 'Offline'
# or use .Net:
# [System.IO.File]::GetAttributes($SourcePath) -band 4096
Write-Output "Did not copy: File '$SourcePath' is currently off-line. "
}
else {
# the file is not off-line, so proceed with the copy
Copy-Item -Path $SourcePath -Destination $DestinationPath -Force -Recurse -errorVariable errors
foreach($error in $errors) {
if ($error.Exception) {
$global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: $($error.Exception);; ")
Write-Output "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception) ++" #this breakpoint is hit after giving errors on screen and taking a long time/failing to copy files it can't reach
}
Write-Output "Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception)"
}
}
}
编辑
根据您的评论我了解该功能不是针对单个文件，而是针对在名为 $ SourcePath 的目录中找到的所有文件。
From your comment I understand the function was not meant for a single file, but for all files found in a directory named $SourcePath.
在这种情况下，下面的更新函数应该可以解决问题：
In that case, here's an updated function that should do the trick:
function CopyFileToFolderUNC($SourcePath, $DestinationPath){
if(-Not (Test-Path $SourcePath -PathType Container)) {
$global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: No such path '$SourcePath'")
Write-Output "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. No such path '$SourcePath' ++"
}
Get-ChildItem -Path $SourcePath -File | ForEach-Object {
# test if maybe we are dealing with an off-line file here
# or use the enum name 'Offline'
# or use the numeric value: 4096
if ($_.Attributes -band [System.IO.FileAttributes]::Offline) {
Write-Output "Did not copy: File '$($_.FullName)' is currently off-line."
}
else {
# the file is not off-line, so proceed with the copy
$_ | Copy-Item -Destination $DestinationPath -Force -Recurse -ErrorVariable errors
foreach($error in $errors) {
if ($error.Exception) {
$global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: $($error.Exception);; ")
Write-Output "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception) ++"
}
Write-Output "Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception)"
}
}
}
}
如果通过处理文件表示您仍要复制文件，请改用此文件：
If by dealing with the files you mean you still want to copy them, use this instead:
function CopyFileToFolderUNC($SourcePath, $DestinationPath){
if(-Not (Test-Path $SourcePath -PathType Container)) {
$global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: No such path '$SourcePath'")
Write-Output "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. No such path '$SourcePath' ++"
}
Get-ChildItem -Path $SourcePath -File | ForEach-Object {
# test if maybe we are dealing with an off-line file here
# or use the enum name 'Offline'
# or use the numeric value: 4096
$oldAttribs = $null
if ($_.Attributes -band [System.IO.FileAttributes]::Offline) {
$oldAttribs = $_.Attributes
# make it a 'normal' file with only the Archive bit set
$_.Attributes = [System.IO.FileAttributes]::Archive
}
# the file is not or no longer off-line, so proceed with the copy
$_ | Copy-Item -Destination $DestinationPath -Force -Recurse -ErrorVariable errors
foreach($error in $errors) {
if ($error.Exception) {
$global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: $($error.Exception);; ")
Write-Output "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception) ++"
}
Write-Output "Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception)"
}
# if you want the attributes in the original file to be restored, use:
if ($oldAttribs) {
$_.Attributes = $oldAttribs
}
}
}
See FileAttributes Enum for all possible attribute values.
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