如何在Matplotlib中使用Font Awesome符号作为标记 [英] How to use Font Awesome symbol as marker in matplotlib

问题描述

是否可以在matplotlib的散点图中使用超棒的字体图标作为标记? 还是可以将其用作字体，然后将图标作为文本"放置?

Is it possible to use a font-awesome icon as a marker in a scatterplot with matplotlib? Or is it possible to use it as a font and put the icon as a 'text'?

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^{该问题最初是在此处提出的，但具有因未知原因而被关闭.由于我认为这是一个有效且有用的问题，Stackoverflow上尚未解决任何问题，并且肯定值得您回答，因此我将再次询问.}

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推荐答案

FontAwesome可从此处. 它提供其图标作为矢量图形以及otf字体.

FontAwesome is available from here. It provides its icons as vector graphics and as well as as otf-font.

Matplotlib无法本地读取矢量图形，但是它可以加载otf字体. 下载FontAwesome软件包后，您可以通过matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties对象访问字体，例如

Matplotlib cannot natively read vector graphics, but it can load otf-fonts. After downloading the FontAwesome package you can access the font via a matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties object, e.g.

fp = FontProperties(fname=r"C:\Windows\Fonts\Font Awesome 5 Free-Solid-900.otf") 

创建文本

FontProperties可以作为matplotlib文本对象的输入

Create texts

The FontProperties can be the input for matplotlib text objects

plt.text(.6, .4, "\uf16c", fontproperties=fp)

不幸的是，使用 FontAwesome连字是不可能的.因此，需要通过其UTF8键访问各个符号.这有点麻烦，但是备忘单在这里可以派上用场.将这些需要的符号存储在有意义的名称的字典中可能是有道理的.

Unfortunately, using the FontAwesome ligatures is not possible. Hence the individual symbols need to be accessed via their UTF8 key. This is a little cumbersome, but the cheatsheet can come handy here. Storing those needed symbols in a dictionary with a meaningful name may make sense.

示例:

from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fp1 = FontProperties(fname=r"C:\Windows\Fonts\Font Awesome 5 Brands-Regular-400.otf")
fp2 = FontProperties(fname=r"C:\Windows\Fonts\Font Awesome 5 Free-Solid-900.otf")

symbols = dict(cloud = "\uf6c4", campground = "\uf6bb", hiking = "\uf6ec",
               mountain = "\uf6fc", tree = "\uf1bb", fish = "\uf578",
               stackoverflow = "\uf16c")

fig, (ax, ax2) = plt.subplots(ncols=2, figsize=(6.2, 2.2), sharey=True)
ax.text(.5, .5, symbols["stackoverflow"], fontproperties=fp1, size=100, 
         color="orange", ha="center", va="center")


ax2.stackplot([0,.3,.55,.6,.65,1],[.1,.2,.2,.2,.2,.15],[.3,.2,.2,.3,.2,.2],
              colors=["paleturquoise", "palegreen"])
ax2.axis([0,1,0,1])
ax2.text(.6, .4, symbols["mountain"], fontproperties=fp2, size=16, ha="center")
ax2.text(.09, .23, symbols["campground"], fontproperties=fp2, size=13)
ax2.text(.22, .27, symbols["hiking"], fontproperties=fp2, size=14)
ax2.text(.7, .24, symbols["tree"], fontproperties=fp2, size=14,color="forestgreen")
ax2.text(.8, .33, symbols["tree"], fontproperties=fp2, size=14,color="forestgreen")
ax2.text(.88, .28, symbols["tree"], fontproperties=fp2, size=14,color="forestgreen")
ax2.text(.35, .03, symbols["fish"], fontproperties=fp2, size=14,)
ax2.text(.2, .7, symbols["cloud"], fontproperties=fp2, size=28,)

plt.show()

创建很多像上面这样的文本并不是很方便.将图标用作标记对于某些应用程序会更好. Matplotlib确实具有使用utf符号作为标记的功能，但是只能通过mathtext功能使用.在我的试用中，无法将otf字体用作matplotlib中的mathfont.

Creating a lot of texts like above is not really handy. To have the icons as markers would be nicer for certain applications. Matplotlib does have the ability to use utf symbols as markers, however, only through the mathtext functionality. Getting an otf font to be used as mathfont in matplotlib was unsuccessful in my trials.

另一种方法是从符号创建 matplotlib.path.Path .可以通过matplotlib.textpath.TextToPath实例来完成此操作，不幸的是，该实例没有文档说明. TextToPath具有方法get_text_path，该方法将fontproperty和字符串作为输入，并返回用于创建Path的顶点和代码. Path可用作标记，例如scatter图.

An alternative is to create a matplotlib.path.Path from the symbol. This can be done via a matplotlib.textpath.TextToPath instance, which is unfortunately undocumented. The TextToPath has a method get_text_path taking a fontproperty and a string as input and returning the vertices and codes from which to create a Path. A Path can be used as a marker, e.g. for a scatter plot.

v, codes = TextToPath().get_text_path(fp, \uf6fc)
path = Path(v, codes, closed=False)
plt.scatter(..., marker=path)

一些例子:

import numpy as np; np.random.seed(32)
from matplotlib.path import Path
from matplotlib.textpath import TextToPath
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fp = FontProperties(fname=r"C:\Windows\Fonts\Font Awesome 5 Free-Solid-900.otf")

symbols = dict(cloud = "\uf6c4", campground = "\uf6bb", hiking = "\uf6ec",
               mountain = "\uf6fc", tree = "\uf1bb", fish = "\uf578",
               stackoverflow = "\uf16c")

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

def get_marker(symbol):
    v, codes = TextToPath().get_text_path(fp, symbol)
    v = np.array(v)
    mean = np.mean([np.max(v,axis=0), np.min(v, axis=0)], axis=0)
    return Path(v-mean, codes, closed=False)

x = np.random.randn(4,10)
c = np.random.rand(10)
s = np.random.randint(120,500, size=10)
plt.scatter(*x[:2], s=s, c=c, marker=get_marker(symbols["cloud"]), 
            edgecolors="none", linewidth=2)
plt.scatter(*x[2:], s=s, c=c, marker=get_marker(symbols["fish"]), 
            edgecolors="none", linewidth=2)   

plt.show()

这篇关于如何在Matplotlib中使用Font Awesome符号作为标记的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！