如何生成唯一的随机数(不重复)? [英] How to generate unique random numbers (that don't repeat)?

问题描述

我正在尝试编写一个随机选择数字并将其添加到列表random_numbers的代码，但是如果已经生成一个随机数字，则代码会检测到该数字并将其替换为另一个数字，直到每个数字都不同为止

I'm trying to write a code that randomly chooses numbers and adds them to the list random_numbers, but if a random number was already generated, the code detects that and replaces the number with another, until every number is different.

import random
random_numbers = []
for x in range(11):

这部分生成一个随机整数并将其附加到列表random_numbers:

This part generates a random integer and appends it to the list random_numbers:

    random_numbers.append('[q' + str(random.randint(1, 11)) + ']')

这部分应该遍历列表，检查是否已经生成了生成的随机数，并将其替换:

This part is supposed to iterate over the list and check if the random number generated was already generated, and replace it:

    for item in range(len(random_numbers)):
        if random_numbers[x] == random_numbers[item]:
            random_numbers[x] = '[q' + str(random.randint(1, num_of_qs_in_file)) + ']'

print(random_numbers)

输出有所不同，但几乎总是列表具有相同的整数不止一次.有人可以帮忙吗?

The output varies, but almost always the list has the same integer more than once. Can anybody help?

推荐答案

在适度范围内进行非重复随机"(psudeorandom)整数的一种直接方法是使用range(1, n)，然后使用列表，然后使用pop()或切片从列表中获取所需的数字.

One straightforward way to do non-repeating 'random' (psudeorandom) whole numbers in a modest range is to create a list using range(1, n), then random.shuffle() the list, and then take as many numbers as you want from the list using pop() or a slice.

import random

max = 11
l = list(range(1, max))  # the cast to list is optional in Python 2
random.shuffle(l)

现在，每次您想要一个随机数时，只需l.pop().

Now every time you want a random number, just l.pop().

另一种方法是使用random.sample()-请参见 https://docs.python. org/3/library/random.html

Another is to use random.sample() -- see https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html

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