“运行时环境"的含义以及“软件框架"的含义? [英] Meaning of "Runtime Environment" and of "Software framework"?
问题描述
我听说过维基百科引述的几件事:
I have heard of several things, quoted from Wikipedia:
一个JVM和一组JVM一起分发 的标准类库 实施Java应用程序 编程接口(API). 适当的API捆绑在一起形成表格 Java运行时环境(JRE).
A JVM is distributed along with a set of standard class libraries that implement the Java application programming interface (API). Appropriate APIs bundled together form the Java Runtime Environment (JRE).
Adobe Integrated Runtime，也称为 作为Adobe AIR，是一个跨平台 Adobe开发的运行时环境 构建富互联网的系统 使用Adobe Flash的应用程序(RIA)， Adobe Flex，HTML和Ajax，可以 作为桌面应用程序运行.
Adobe Integrated Runtime, also known as Adobe AIR, is a cross-platform runtime environment developed by Adobe Systems for building Rich Internet Applications (RIA) using Adobe Flash, Adobe Flex, HTML, and Ajax, that can be run as desktop applications.
.NET Framework(发音点 净)是用于 Microsoft Windows操作系统. 它包括一个大型图书馆， 支持多种编程语言 允许语言互操作 (每种语言都可以使用以 其他语言). .NET库是 适用于所有编程 .NET支持的语言.
The .NET Framework (pronounced dot net) is a software framework for Microsoft Windows operating systems. It includes a large library, and it supports several programming languages which allows language interoperability (each language can use code written in other languages). The .NET library is available to all the programming languages that .NET supports.
如上所述，如果我理解正确的话，前两个似乎与运行时环境"有关，但是没有相关的Wikipedia来解释什么是运行时环境".
As described above, if I understand correctly, the first two seem to be related to "runtime environment", but there is no related Wikipedia to explain what "runtime environment" is.
第三个被称为软件框架"，其中 Wikipedia文章为:
The third is said to be a "Software framework", which has a Wikipedia article as:
软件框架是一种抽象 在其中提供通用代码的通用代码 功能可以有选择地 被用户覆盖或专门化 代码，从而提供特定的 功能.框架是一个 软件库中的特殊情况 他们是可重用的抽象 包装在定义明确的代码中 应用程序接口 (API)，但其中包含一些密钥 区分的特征 它们来自普通库.
a software framework is an abstraction in which common code providing generic functionality can be selectively overridden or specialized by user code, thus providing specific functionality. Frameworks are a special case of software libraries in that they are reusable abstractions of code wrapped in a well-defined Application programming interface (API), yet they contain some key distinguishing features that separate them from normal libraries.
所以我的问题是:
- 是运行时环境"和 软件框架"相同 事物?如果没有，它们有何不同， 他们属于某个共同点吗 类别?
- 他们都在编程吗 可以使用的库/API 程序员自己开发 软件?
- 这三个例子经常 安装一些时需要 软件.他们属于 虚拟机的概念?如果 不，它们属于什么类别 到?该类别有何不同 来自虚拟机?
- Are "Runtime Environment" and "Software framework" the same thing? If not, how do they differ, and do they belong to some common category?
- Are they all programming libraries/APIs that can be used by programmers to develop their own software?
- The three examples are often required when installing some software. Do they belong to the concept of virtual machine? If not, what category do they belong to? How is that category different from virtual machine?
感谢和问候！
PS:我不知道这篇文章是否更适合超级用户或stackoverflow，因为在安装某些软件时经常需要这三个示例，并且它们似乎都在提供API对于软件开发人员.
PS: I don't know if this post is more suitable for superuser or for stackoverflow, as the three examples are often required when installing some software, and they are also seem to be providing API for software developers.
推荐答案
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否.运行时环境基本上是在机器顶部运行的虚拟机-提供机器抽象.它通常比库的级别低.框架可以包含运行时环境，但通常与库绑定.
No. A runtime environment basically is a virtual machine that runs on top of a machine - provides machine abstraction. It is generally lower level than a library. A framework can contain a runtime environment, but is generally tied to a library.
Java，AIR和.NET(在本例中为公共语言运行时")在某个字节代码中各自具有自己的运行时，该字节代码在操作系统之上运行.
Java, AIR and .NET (in this case the Common Language Runtime) has each its own runtime in a certain byte code that runs on top of the operating system. It allows the code to be quite portable without recompilation to do it this way.
库和API用于制作新程序.程序在运行时环境中运行.
Libraries and APIs are used for making new programs. A runtime environment is where the programs run.
运行时环境确实与虚拟机的概念相吻合，尽管它不像VMWare或其他复杂.他们俩的共同目标是将底层系统抽象到可以在其上运行其他软件的地步.
A runtime environment does coincide with the concept of a virtual machine, albeit not as complex as VMWare or otherwise. They both share the goal of abstracting the underlying systems to a point that other software can run on it.
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