遍历一个函数以绘制多个子图，Python [英] Looping through a function to plot several subplots, Python

问题描述

我有变量x和y

def function(a,b):
    x = x[(x>a)*(x<b)]
    y = y[(y<a)*(y>b)]

    # perform some fitting routine using curve_fit on x and y

    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
    phist,xedge,yedge,img = ax.hist2d(x,y,bins=20,norm=LogNorm())
    im = ax.imshow(phist,cmap=plt.cm.jet,norm=LogNorm(),aspect='auto')
    fig.colorbar(im,ax=ax)
    fig.show()

一切正常.但是我有6对不同的输入参数a和b.我想以某种方式使用循环调用function(a,b)并将6个不同的x和y (对应于6个输入对)绘制为6个子图.

All works fine. But I have 6 pairs of different input parameters a and b. I would like to somehow call function(a,b) using a loop and plot the six different x and y (corresponding to the 6 input pairs) as 6 subplots.

像我们一样

ax1 = fig.add_subplot(231) # x vs y for a1,b1
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(232) # x vs y for a2,b2
....
ax6 = fig.add_subplot(236) # x vs y for a6,b6

我想了解如何继续获取最终子图！

I would like to get an idea of how to proceed to get the final subplot!

我知道可以通过指定不同的变量来手动完成，例如对于第一个输入对a和b指定x1和y1，对于其他6个对(x2,y2...,x6,y6)如此指定.但这将是一个非常冗长且令人困惑的代码.

I know that it can be done manually by specifying different variables, like x1 and y1 for the first input pair a and b and so on for the other 6 pairs (x2,y2...,x6,y6). But it will be a very lengthy and confusing code.

推荐答案

使用plt.subplots代替plt.subplot(请注意在末尾带有"s"). fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 3)将创建一个具有2x3组子图的图形，其中fig是图形，而axs是2x3 numpy数组，其中每个元素是与图形中相同位置的轴相对应的轴对象(因此axs[1, 2]是右下轴).

Use plt.subplots instead of plt.subplot (note the "s" at the end). fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 3) will create a figure with 2x3 group of subplots, where fig is the figure, and axs is a 2x3 numpy array where each element is the axis object corresponding to the axis in the same position in the figure (so axs[1, 2] is the bottom-right axis).

然后您可以使用一对循环遍历每一行，然后遍历该行中的每个轴:

You can then either use a pair of loops to loop over each row then each axis in that row:

fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 3)
for i, row in enumerate(axs):
   for j, ax in enumerate(row):
       ax.imshow(foo[i, j])
fig.show()

或者您可以使用ravel展平行以及您想从中获取数据的任何内容:

Or you can use ravel to flatten the rows and whatever you want to get the data from:

fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 3)
foor = foo.ravel()
for i, ax in enumerate(axs.ravel()):
    ax.imshow(foor[i])
fig.show()

请注意，ravel是视图，而不是副本，因此不会占用任何额外的内存.

Note that ravel is a view, not a copy, so this won't take any additional memory.

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