为什么我不能在Swift中使用泛型的子类? [英] Why can't I use a subclass of a generic type in Swift?
问题描述
为什么Swift不允许我将值Foo<U>
分配给类型为Foo<T>
的变量,其中U是T的子类?
Why doesn't Swift allow me to assign value Foo<U>
to a variable of type Foo<T>
, where U is a subclass of T?
例如:
class Cheese {
let smell: Int
let hardness: Int
let name: String
init(smell: Int, hardness: Int, name: String) {
self.smell = smell
self.hardness = hardness
self.name = name
}
func cut() {
print("Peeyoo!")
}
}
class Gouda: Cheese {
let aged: Bool
init(smell: Int, hardness: Int, name: String, aged: Bool) {
self.aged = aged
super.init(smell: smell, hardness: hardness, name: name)
}
override func cut() {
print("Smells delicious")
}
}
class Platter<Food> {
var food: Food
init(food: Food) {
self.food = food
}
}
let goudaCheese = Gouda(smell: 6, hardness: 5, name: "Gouda", aged: false)
let goudaPlatter = Platter(food: goudaCheese) //Platter<Gouda>
//error: cannot assign value of type 'Platter<Gouda>' to type 'Platter<Cheese>'
let platter: Platter<Cheese> = goudaPlatter
但是为什么不起作用?您可以为变量分配一个属于其类型的子类的对象,例如
But why doesn't it work? You can assign to a variable an object that's a subclass of it's type, e.g.
let gouda = Gouda(smell: 6, hardness: 5, name: "Gouda", aged: false)
let cheese: Cheese = gouda
您可以将子类添加到集合中
And you can add subclasses to collections:
let plainCheese = Cheese(smell: 2, hardness: 5, name: "American")
let gouda = Gouda(smell: 6, hardness: 5, name: "Gouda", aged: false)
var cheeses: [Cheese] = [plainCheese]
cheeses.append(gouda)
那么let platter: Platter<Cheese> = goudaPlatter
有何不同?在任何情况下,如果可行,那将是不安全的?这仅仅是对Swift当前版本的限制吗?
So how is let platter: Platter<Cheese> = goudaPlatter
different? Are there any circumstances where it would be unsafe if it worked? Is it simply a limitation of the current version of Swift?
推荐答案
您可以使用称为类型擦除.基本上,您创建一个包装"结构,该结构从泛型中隐藏了基础类的详细信息.这不是理想的方法,但是它可以让您完成与您尝试执行的操作类似的操作.
You can work around this using a technique called type erasure. Basically you create a "wrapper" struct which hides the underlying class detail from the generic. It's not ideal, but it allows you to accomplish something similar to what you're trying to do.
class Cheese {
func doSomethingCheesy() {
print("I'm cheese")
}
}
class Gouda: Cheese {
override func doSomethingCheesy() {
print("I'm gouda")
}
}
struct AnyCheese {
let cheese: Cheese
}
class Container<T> {
init(object: T) {
self.object = object
}
let object: T
}
let cheese = Cheese()
let cheeseContainer: Container<AnyCheese> = Container(object: AnyCheese(cheese: cheese))
let gouda = Gouda()
let goudaContainer: Container<AnyCheese> = Container(object: AnyCheese(cheese: gouda))
cheeseContainer.object.cheese.doSomethingCheesy() // prints "I'm cheese"
goudaContainer.object.cheese.doSomethingCheesy() // prints "I'm gouda"
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