前导星号"**/"是否为.gitignore路径匹配语法中是否多余? [英] Are leading asterisks "**/" redundant in .gitignore path matching syntax?

问题描述

有没有没有星号的用法不能替代的用法?

Are there any usages that can't be replaced by equivalents without asterisks?

Two consecutive asterisks ("**") in patterns matched against full
pathname may have special meaning:

A leading "**" followed by a slash means match in all directories.
For example, "**/foo" matches file or directory "foo" anywhere,
the same as pattern "foo". "**/foo/bar" matches file or directory
"bar" anywhere that is directly under directory "foo".

A trailing "/**" matches everything inside. For example, "abc/**"
matches all files inside directory "abc", relative to the location
of the .gitignore file, with infinite depth.

A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash matches
zero or more directories. For example, "a/**/b" matches "a/b",
"a/x/b", "a/x/y/b" and so on.

Other consecutive asterisks are considered invalid.

https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore#_pattern_format

让我指出，我只问有关前导星号/斜杠冗余的问题.由于似乎任何**/foo/bar都可以用简单的foo/bar

Let me point out, that i'm asking only about leading asterisks/slash redundancy. Since it seems any **/foo/bar can be replaced by simple foo/bar

例如，我的.gitignore文件中包含以下内容:

For example, i have the following in my .gitignore file:

# NuGet Packages

# The packages folder can be ignored because of Package Restore
**/packages/*

# except build/, which is used as an MSBuild target.
!**/packages/build/

# Uncomment if necessary however generally it will be regenerated when needed
#!**/packages/repositories.config

我想知道为什么他们不能简单地写:

And i'm wondering, why they couldn't simply write:

# NuGet Packages

# The packages folder can be ignored because of Package Restore
packages/*

# except build/, which is used as an MSBuild target.
!packages/build/

# Uncomment if necessary however generally it will be regenerated when needed
#!packages/repositories.config

https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/VisualStudio.gitignore

推荐答案

不，仅当其余模式除尾部以外不包含斜杠时，前导**/才过时.

No, the leading **/ is only obsolete if the remaining pattern does not contain a slash except for a trailing one.

https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore 上的文档是我认为这有点误导

The documentation at https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore is a bit misleading in my opinion, as it states

If the pattern does not contain a slash /, Git treats it as a shell glob
pattern and checks for a match against the pathname relative to the
location of the .gitignore file (relative to the toplevel of the work
tree if not from a .gitignore file).

但实际上仅与文件或目录的名称匹配，而不与整个路径匹配.

but actually matches only against the name of a file or directory, not the whole path.

所以**/packages/build在任何深度都匹配packages/build.
packages/build由于包含斜杠，因此实际上与/packages/build相同，并且仅在与忽略文件相同的级别上匹配packages/build.

So **/packages/build matches packages/build in any depth.
packages/build as it contains a slash is effectively the same as /packages/build and only matches packages/build on the same level as the ignore file.

另一方面，build在任何深度都匹配build，因此实际上与**/build相同.
而/build仅与build在与忽略文件相同的级别上匹配.

On the other hand build matches build in any depth so is effectively the same as **/build.
Whereas /build only matches build on the same level as the ignore file.

这始终取决于模式(如果存在，则删除尾部斜杠之后)是否包含任何斜杠.

It always depends on whether the pattern (after removing a trailing slash if present) contains any slashes or not.

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