" git checkout-*"返回“错误:pathspec与git已知的任何文件都不匹配"； [英] "git checkout -- *" returns "error: pathspec did not match any files known to git"

问题描述

有问题的是，如果我想放弃工作目录中的更改，请运行命令git checkout -- *，但是git返回信息error: pathspec 'databaseName.tmp' did not match any file(s) known to git..我不是git master，也不知道如何解决.有什么主意吗?

As in question, if I want to discard changes in working directory I run command git checkout -- * but git returns information error: pathspec 'databaseName.tmp' did not match any file(s) known to git.. I'm not git master and I don't know how to solve it. Any idea?

推荐答案

为 genisage

As genisage noted in a comment, you're asking git explicitly to check out the file databaseName.tmp, as if you'd typed in:

git checkout -- databaseName.tmp

这是因为在git有机会看到您的命令之前，您输入的*是由外壳程序处理的. Shell将*替换为当前工作目录中的所有文件名 ¹ ，然后执行 then 运行git，而没有任何指示输入的命令中带有*，而不是所有这些名称.

This is because the * you typed in is handled by the shell, before git ever has a chance to see your command. The shell replaces * with all the file names in your current working directory,¹ and then having done that, then runs git, without any indication that the actual command you entered had * in it, rather than all those names.

同样， git不知道您使用星号*字符，它看到的只是文件名列表，包括任何顶级被忽略的文件未存储在git 中.

Again, git has no idea that you used the asterisk * character, all it sees is a list of file names, including any top-level ignored files that are not being stored in git.

令人困惑的是，如果您设法以某种方式 ² 将文字星号*传递给git，则 git 会扩展*，但是具有不同的含义一组文件名: git已知的那些文件名.那会做你想要的.

Confusingly, if you manage somehow² to pass a literal asterisk * to git, git will expand the *, but with a different set of file names: those known to git. That would do what you want.

不过，有一种更简单的方法:git将通过检出该目录中已知的所有文件来递归检出目录.因此，代替使用*，只需使用.要求git签出当前目录:

There's an easier way, though: git will check out directories recursively by checking out all the files it knows about in that directory. So, instead of using *, simply use . to ask git to check out the current directory:

git checkout -- .

如果git知道./a和./b但不了解./databaseName.tmp，则它将检出./a和./b，并且不会尝试对./databaseName.tmp进行任何操作. ³

If git knows about ./a and ./b but not ./databaseName.tmp, this will check out ./a and ./b and not attempt to do anything with ./databaseName.tmp.³

¹ 更准确地说，名称不是以前导点.开头的文件.

¹More accurately, files whose names do not start with a leading dot ..

² 实际上，它非常易于管理，例如，只需在星号前面插入反斜杠\:git checkout -- \*.或者，使用单引号或双引号，这两个引号都可以防止shell globbing.单引号还可以抑制shell变量的扩展，而双引号则可以允许变量的扩展但可以防止globbing.

²And in fact, it's quite easy to manage, e.g., simply insert a backslash \ in front of the asterisk: git checkout -- \*. Or, use single or double quotes, both of which protect against shell globbing. Single quotes also inhibit shell variable expansion, while double quotes permit variable expansion but inhibit globbing.

³ 此处需要指出一个细微的区别:*扩展为不以.开头的文件名，同时要求git签出.导致其签出目录中的所有文件，包括，其名称以.开头的文件.因此，例如git checkout -- \*和git checkout -- *都将 not 撤消对名为.secret的文件的更改，而git checkout -- . 将撤消此类更改.

³It's worth pointing out a subtle difference here: * expands to file names that do not start with ., while asking git to check out . causes it to check out all files in the directory, including those whose names start with .. Hence both git checkout -- \* and git checkout -- * will not undo changes to a file named .secret, for instance, while git checkout -- . will undo such changes.

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