PowerShell的清除历史记录不会清除历史记录 [英] PowerShell's Clear-History doesn't clear history

问题描述

最近我不得不运行一个命令，不幸的是我需要在命令行上键入密码.

Recently I had to run a command that unfortunately required me to type a password right on the command line.

然后，我用清除"清除了我的屏幕，但还想清除命令历史记录，这样就不会在会话历史记录中显示有问题的命令.不幸的是，清除历史 cmdlet似乎并没有实际执行其文档所声称的功能-运行Clear-History似乎对会话历史记录没有任何影响.

Afterwards, I cleared my screen with "Clear", but also wanted to clear the command history so the offending command wouldn't show up in the session history. Unfortunately, the Clear-History cmdlet doesn't seem to actually do what its documentation claims - running Clear-History doesn't seem to have any impact on the session history whatsoever.

我仍然可以在弹出的历史记录菜单中看到以前的命令，并通过按向上键在旧命令之间滚动.这是展示问题的屏幕截图:

I can still see previous commands in the pop-up history menu, and scroll through old commands by pressing the up key. Here's a screengrab demonstrating the problem:

我已经通过 Get-Command进行了验证 Clear-History实际上正在执行预期的内置PowerShell cmdlet.

I've verified with Get-Command that Clear-History is indeed executing the expected built-in PowerShell cmdlet.

我尝试了一些变体，例如清除历史记录-计数10-最新"，但都没有显示任何效果.当我指定确切的历史记录ID(例如"Clear-History -id 3")时，会收到如下错误:

I've tried a few variations, such as "Clear-History -count 10 -newest", all failing to show any effect. When I specify an exact history ID, such as "Clear-History -id 3", I receive an error like this:

Clear-History : Cannot locate history for Id 3.

即使我在屏幕上可以看到命令3.

Even if I can see command #3 on the screen.

推荐答案

以补充 CB.的有用答案和 JVimes的有用答案:

• PowerShell自己的历史记录机制(Get-History，Clear-History)是与主机无关的 ，这就是为什么-有点意外-您还需要分别清除主机的命令历史记录 .

• PowerShell's own history mechanism (Get-History, Clear-History) is host-independent, which is why - somewhat unexpectedly - you also need to clear the hosts's command history separately.

关于控制台主机自己的历史记录功能:

• doskey样式的历史记录功能，在PowerShell随附模块PSReadline之前(见下文):

• doskey-style history feature, before module PSReadline shipped with PowerShell (see below):

• 没有已保存的历史记录-仅在 current 会话期间保留历史记录.
必须使用
• Alt + F7 清除控制台的历史记录，而没有(显而易见的)编程方式来执行此操作(在cmd.exe控制台窗口中，您可以使用doskey /reinstall，但在PS中不起作用.
• CB.的答案向您展示了如何模拟这种键盘组合；请记住:必须在 Clear-History的补充中使用.

• There is no saved history - a history is kept only for the duration of the current session.
• Alt+F7 must be used to clear the console's history, with no (obvious) programmatic way to do it (in a cmd.exe console window you could use doskey /reinstall, but that doesn't work in PS).
• CB.'s answer shows you how to simulate this keyboard combination; remember: this must be used in addition to Clear-History.

PSReadline 模块来了Windows 10上使用PowerShell v5，并且还将随Windows Server 2016一起提供；它用更复杂的功能替换了doskey样式的行编辑和命令历史记录功能；也可以使用 PowerShell库(PSv3和PSv4必须首先安装 PowerShellGet ).

The PSReadline module comes with PowerShell v5 on Windows 10 and will also ship with Windows Server 2016; it replaces the doskey-style line-editing and command-history features with more sophisticated functionality; it is also possible to retrofit older Windows editions / PS versions (>= v3) versions with it, using the PowerShell Gallery (PSv3 and PSv4 must first install PowerShellGet).

• 命令历史记录现在跨会话保存 ，在文件中
  (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath .
• [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]::ClearHistory()可用于清除当前会话的历史记录(请注意，v1.2 +还支持 Alt + F7 进行交互清除当前历史记录).
  • 注意:使用PSReadline的默认历史保存样式SaveIncrementally，在您致电所有敏感命令已经保存. >，并且将重新出现在下一个会话中.
  • 处理此问题的唯一方法是删除保存的历史文件，如 JVimes的答案所示，但是，总是清除整个历史记录.
  • 如果，您将自己的个人资料设置为每次会话开始时都呼叫Set-PSReadlineOption -HistorySaveStyle SaveAtExit-设置显然不会自己粘"-您应该能够只需调用[Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]::ClearHistory()(除了Clear-History之外)即可完成操作，而不必删除已保存的历史记录文件，在这种情况下，您不会丢失以前会话中的已保存历史记录. 但是，从v1.2版本开始，SaveAtExit完全崩溃-根本没有保存任何历史记录；参见 https://github.com/lzybkr/PSReadLine/issues/262
  • Command history is now saved across sessions, in file
    (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath.
  • [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]::ClearHistory() can be used to clear the current session's history (note that v1.2+ also supports Alt+F7 for interactive clearing of the current history).
    • CAVEAT: With PSReadline's default history-saving style, SaveIncrementally, any sensitive commands have already been saved by the time to you call [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]::ClearHistory(), and will reappear in the next session.
    • The only way to handle this is to remove the saved-history file, as demonstrated in JVimes's answer which, however, invariably wipes out the entire history.
    • IF you set up your profile to call Set-PSReadlineOption -HistorySaveStyle SaveAtExit every time a session starts - the setting apparenly does NOT "stick" by itself - you should be able to get away with only calling [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]::ClearHistory() (in addition to Clear-History) without also having to delete the saved-history file, in which case you won't lose your saved history from previous sessions. HOWEVER, AS OF v1.2, SaveAtExit is BROKEN ALTOGETHER - no history is saved at all; see https://github.com/lzybkr/PSReadLine/issues/262

    以下高级功能捆绑了清除doskey -style和PSReadline -module PowerShell控制台窗口中所有用于清除命令历史记录的命令(包括PowerShell本身和控制台):

    The following advanced function bundles all commands necessary to clear the command history (both for PowerShell itself and the console), both for doskey-style and PSReadline-module PowerShell console windows:

    注意:

    • 由于(当前)是唯一安全的选项，PSReadline的保存历史记录文件也将被删除，这意味着整个历史记录(包括以前的会话)也将被清除 .

    • Because it's (currently) the only safe option, PSReadline's saved-history file is deleted as well, which means the entire history, including from previous sessions, is cleared.

    因此，默认情况下会显示确认提示.

    Therefore, a confirmation prompt is shown by default.

    <#
    # .SYNOPSIS
    #  Clears the command history, including the saved-to-file history, if applicable.
    #>
    function Clear-SavedHistory {
      [CmdletBinding(ConfirmImpact='High', SupportsShouldProcess)]
      param(    
      )
    
      # Debugging: For testing you can simulate not having PSReadline loaded with
      #            Remove-Module PSReadline -Force
      $havePSReadline = ($null -ne (Get-Module -EA SilentlyContinue PSReadline))
    
      Write-Verbose "PSReadline present: $havePSReadline"
    
      $target = if ($havePSReadline) { "entire command history, including from previous sessions" } else { "command history" } 
    
      if (-not $pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($target))
      {
            return
      }
    
      if ($havePSReadline) {
    
        Clear-Host
    
        # Remove PSReadline's saved-history file.
        if (Test-Path (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath) { 
          # Abort, if the file for some reason cannot be removed.
          Remove-Item -EA Stop (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath 
          # To be safe, we recreate the file (empty). 
          $null = New-Item -Type File -Path (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath
        }
    
        # Clear PowerShell's own history 
        Clear-History
    
        # Clear PSReadline's *session* history.
        # General caveat (doesn't apply here, because we're removing the saved-history file):
        #   * By default (-HistorySaveStyle SaveIncrementally), if you use
        #    [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]::ClearHistory(), any sensitive
        #    commands *have already been saved to the history*, so they'll *reappear in the next session*. 
        #   * Placing `Set-PSReadlineOption -HistorySaveStyle SaveAtExit` in your profile 
        #     SHOULD help that, but as of PSReadline v1.2, this option is BROKEN (saves nothing). 
        [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]::ClearHistory()
    
      } else { # Without PSReadline, we only have a *session* history.
    
        Clear-Host
    
        # Clear the doskey library's buffer, used pre-PSReadline. 
        # !! Unfortunately, this requires sending key combination Alt+F7.
        # Thanks, https://stackoverflow.com/a/13257933/45375
        $null = [system.reflection.assembly]::loadwithpartialname("System.Windows.Forms")
        [System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys]::Sendwait('%{F7 2}')
    
        # Clear PowerShell's own history 
        Clear-History
    
      }
    
    }
    

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