django安装问题[python] [英] Problem with django installation [python]

问题描述

去年夏天，我想学习Web开发，所以我安装了Django 1.8(一个不稳定的版本).我没有点子就安装了它.我最近决定再试一次，但想使用稳定版本1.7.1进行操作，并希望使用pip进行安装以简化操作.

Last summer I wanted to learn to do web dev, so I installed Django 1.8, an unstable release. I installed it without pip. I recently decided to try again, but wanted to do work with the stable release, 1.7.1, and wanted to install with pip for simplicity.

我读到为了删除不带pip的Django，必须从/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/删除整个.egg，所以我做到了.

I read that in order to remove Django that was installed without pip, one must delete the entire .egg from /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/, so I did this.

从那时起，我一直在收到有趣的错误.当我发出"pip install django"时，我得到

Since then, I've been getting funny errors. When I issue 'pip install django', I get

bash-3.2$ pip install django
Downloading/unpacking django
  Downloading Django-1.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (7.4MB): 7.4MB downloaded
Installing collected packages: django
Cleaning up...
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 283, in run
    requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options, root=options.root_path)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 1435, in install
    requirement.install(install_options, global_options, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 671, in install
    self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 901, in move_wheel_files
    pycompile=self.pycompile,
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/wheel.py", line 215, in move_wheel_files
    clobber(source, lib_dir, True)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/wheel.py", line 205, in clobber
    os.makedirs(destdir)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 157, in makedirs
    mkdir(name, mode)
OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django'

当我检查虚假目录时，我发现/django不存在. 发出sudo将使错误消失，但是我发现我仍然无法启动django项目.

When I check the spurious directory, I find that /django doesn't exist. Issuing sudo will silence the errors, but I find that I still can't start a django project.

有没有人以前看过这个，或者有任何想法如何解决这个问题?

Has anyone seen this before or have any idea how to fix this?

推荐答案

这并不是真正的错误-由于您的普通用户帐户无法写入全局/Library文件夹，因此您正在从操作系统中获得此权限被拒绝的错误

This is not really an error - as your normal user account cannot write to the global /Library folder, you are getting this permission denied error from the operating system.

最佳做法是在称为虚拟环境中工作virtualenv的简称.这样可以确保在尝试使用Python软件包时，不会意外破坏Python在系统范围内的安装.

The best practice is to work in a virtual environment called virtualenv for short. This makes sure that when you are experimenting with Python packages, you don't accidentally corrupt the system-wide installation of Python.

在Mac(您正在使用)上，可能还有其他依赖于Python的系统实用程序，如果系统默认的Python损坏，它们可能会停止工作.

On a Mac (which you are using) there might be other system utilities that rely on Python and they may stop working if the system default Python is corrupted.

因此，第一步是在系统上全局全局安装virtualenv.为此，您需要超级用户权限，但这只能执行一次:

So the first step is to install virtualenv globally on your system. To do this, you need superuser permissions but this is done only once:

sudo easy_install virtualenv

以上将要求输入密码-只需输入您的普通用户密码即可.

The above will ask for a password - just enter your normal user password.

上述命令完成后，您的普通用户从命令行运行以下命令:

Once the above command finishes, as your normal user run the following from the command line:

$ virtualenv my_env  # This creates a new Python environment called my_env, completely
                     # separate from your system wide install.
$ source my_env/bin/activate # Activates the virtual envrionment
(my_env) $ pip install django # Install django in this new environment the (my_env)
                              # indicates you are working inside a virtual environment

...

(my_env) $ deactivate  # Deactivates the environment,
                       # returning you to the normal system Python
$

您在虚拟环境中安装的所有内容仅在虚拟环境中可用，因此在运行脚本时需要确保您在正确的环境中.

Anything you install in the virtual environment is only available within the virtual environment, so you need to make sure you are in the correct environment when running your scripts.

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