如何从Vec或Slice读取(std :: io :: Read)? [英] How to read (std::io::Read) from a Vec or Slice?

问题描述

Vec支持std::io::Write，因此可以编写采用File或Vec的代码.从API参考来看，Vec和切片都不支持std::io::Read.

是否有实现此目的的便捷方法?是否需要编写包装器结构?

这里是工作代码的示例，该文件读写文件，并带有注释的一行应读取向量.

use ::std::io;

// Generic IO
fn write_4_bytes<W>(mut file: W) -> Result<usize, io::Error>
    where W: io::Write,
{
    let len = file.write(b"1234")?;
    Ok(len)
}

fn read_4_bytes<R>(mut file: R) -> Result<[u8; 4], io::Error>
    where R: io::Read,
{
    let mut buf: [u8; 4] = [0; 4];
    file.read(&mut buf)?;
    Ok(buf)
}

// Type specific

fn write_read_vec() {
    let mut vec_as_file: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();

    {   // Write
        println!("Writing Vec... {}", write_4_bytes(&mut vec_as_file).unwrap());
    }

    {   // Read
//      println!("Reading File... {:?}", read_4_bytes(&vec_as_file).unwrap());
        //                               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        //                               Comment this line above to avoid an error!
    }
}

fn write_read_file() {
    let filepath = "temp.txt";
    {   // Write
        let mut file_as_file = ::std::fs::File::create(filepath).expect("open failed");
        println!("Writing File... {}", write_4_bytes(&mut file_as_file).unwrap());
    }

    {   // Read
        let mut file_as_file = ::std::fs::File::open(filepath).expect("open failed");
        println!("Reading File... {:?}", read_4_bytes(&mut file_as_file).unwrap());
    }
}

fn main() {
    write_read_vec();
    write_read_file();
}

此操作失败，并显示以下错误:

 error[E0277]: the trait bound `std::vec::Vec<u8>: std::io::Read` is not satisfied
  --> src/main.rs:29:42
   |
29 |         println!("Reading File... {:?}", read_4_bytes(&vec_as_file).unwrap());
   |                                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^ the trait `std::io::Read` is not implemented for `std::vec::Vec<u8>`
   |
   = note: required by `read_4_bytes`
 

我想为文件格式编码器/解码器编写测试，而不必写入文件系统.

解决方案

向量不支持std::io::Read，而切片支持.

在某些情况下，Rust能够将Vec强制转换为切片，这引起了一些混乱.

在这种情况下，需要对切片进行显式强制，因为在施加阶段强制时，编译器不知道Vec<u8> 没有实现Read.

---

将向量强制转换为切片时，问题中的代码将起作用，例如:read_4_bytes(&*vec_as_file)或read_4_bytes(&vec_as_file[..]).

---

注意:

• 最初询问问题时，我服用的是&Read而不是Read.这使传递对切片的引用失败，除非我传递了我不认为要做的&&*vec_as_file.
• 感谢#rust上的@arete查找解决方案！

Vecs support std::io::Write, so code can be written that takes a File or Vec, for example. From the API reference, it looks like neither Vec nor slices support std::io::Read.

Is there a convenient way to achieve this? Does it require writing a wrapper struct?

Here is an example of working code, that reads and writes a file, with a single line commented that should read a vector.

use ::std::io;

// Generic IO
fn write_4_bytes<W>(mut file: W) -> Result<usize, io::Error>
    where W: io::Write,
{
    let len = file.write(b"1234")?;
    Ok(len)
}

fn read_4_bytes<R>(mut file: R) -> Result<[u8; 4], io::Error>
    where R: io::Read,
{
    let mut buf: [u8; 4] = [0; 4];
    file.read(&mut buf)?;
    Ok(buf)
}

// Type specific

fn write_read_vec() {
    let mut vec_as_file: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();

    {   // Write
        println!("Writing Vec... {}", write_4_bytes(&mut vec_as_file).unwrap());
    }

    {   // Read
//      println!("Reading File... {:?}", read_4_bytes(&vec_as_file).unwrap());
        //                               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        //                               Comment this line above to avoid an error!
    }
}

fn write_read_file() {
    let filepath = "temp.txt";
    {   // Write
        let mut file_as_file = ::std::fs::File::create(filepath).expect("open failed");
        println!("Writing File... {}", write_4_bytes(&mut file_as_file).unwrap());
    }

    {   // Read
        let mut file_as_file = ::std::fs::File::open(filepath).expect("open failed");
        println!("Reading File... {:?}", read_4_bytes(&mut file_as_file).unwrap());
    }
}

fn main() {
    write_read_vec();
    write_read_file();
}

This fails with the error:

error[E0277]: the trait bound `std::vec::Vec<u8>: std::io::Read` is not satisfied
  --> src/main.rs:29:42
   |
29 |         println!("Reading File... {:?}", read_4_bytes(&vec_as_file).unwrap());
   |                                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^ the trait `std::io::Read` is not implemented for `std::vec::Vec<u8>`
   |
   = note: required by `read_4_bytes`

I'd like to write tests for a file format encoder/decoder, without having to write to the file-system.

解决方案

While vectors don't support std::io::Read, slices do.

There is some confusion here caused by Rust being able to coerce a Vec into a slice in some situations but not others.

In this case, an explicit coercion to a slice is needed because at the stage coercions are applied, the compiler doesn't know that Vec<u8> doesn't implement Read.

---

The code in the question will work when the vector is coerced into a slice, either as: read_4_bytes(&*vec_as_file) or read_4_bytes(&vec_as_file[..]).

---

Note:

• When asking the question initially, I was taking &Read instead of Read. This made passing a reference to a slice fail, unless I'd passed in &&*vec_as_file which I didn't think to do.
• Thanks to @arete on #rust for finding the solution!

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