使用json.dumps将utf-8文本另存为UTF8，而不是\ u转义序列 [英] Saving utf-8 texts with json.dumps as UTF8, not as \u escape sequence

问题描述

示例代码:

>>> import json
>>> json_string = json.dumps("ברי צקלה")
>>> print(json_string)
"\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05e6\u05e7\u05dc\u05d4"

问题:这不是人类可读的.我的(智能)用户想要使用JSON转储来验证甚至编辑文本文件(我宁愿不使用XML).

The problem: it's not human readable. My (smart) users want to verify or even edit text files with JSON dumps (and I’d rather not use XML).

是否有一种方法可以将对象序列化为UTF-8 JSON字符串(而不是\uXXXX)?

Is there a way to serialize objects into UTF-8 JSON strings (instead of \uXXXX)?

推荐答案

使用ensure_ascii=False切换到json.dumps()，然后将值手动编码为UTF-8:

Use the ensure_ascii=False switch to json.dumps(), then encode the value to UTF-8 manually:

>>> json_string = json.dumps("ברי צקלה", ensure_ascii=False).encode('utf8')
>>> json_string
b'"\xd7\x91\xd7\xa8\xd7\x99 \xd7\xa6\xd7\xa7\xd7\x9c\xd7\x94"'
>>> print(json_string.decode())
"ברי צקלה"

如果要写入文件，只需使用json.dump()并将其留给文件对象进行编码:

If you are writing to a file, just use json.dump() and leave it to the file object to encode:

with open('filename', 'w', encoding='utf8') as json_file:
    json.dump("ברי צקלה", json_file, ensure_ascii=False)

Python 2注意事项

对于Python 2，还有更多注意事项需要考虑.如果要将其写入文件，则可以使用 io.open() 而不是open()来生成一个文件对象，该文件对象在编写时为您编码Unicode值，然后使用json.dump()代替来写入该文件:

For Python 2, there are some more caveats to take into account. If you are writing this to a file, you can use io.open() instead of open() to produce a file object that encodes Unicode values for you as you write, then use json.dump() instead to write to that file:

with io.open('filename', 'w', encoding='utf8') as json_file:
    json.dump(u"ברי צקלה", json_file, ensure_ascii=False)

请注意，在json模块中有一个 bug，其中ensure_ascii=False标志可以产生>和str对象的 mix .那么，Python 2的解决方法是:

Do note that there is a bug in the json module where the ensure_ascii=False flag can produce a mix of unicode and str objects. The workaround for Python 2 then is:

with io.open('filename', 'w', encoding='utf8') as json_file:
    data = json.dumps(u"ברי צקלה", ensure_ascii=False)
    # unicode(data) auto-decodes data to unicode if str
    json_file.write(unicode(data))

在Python 2中，当使用编码为UTF-8的字节字符串(类型为str)时，请确保还设置了encoding关键字:

In Python 2, when using byte strings (type str), encoded to UTF-8, make sure to also set the encoding keyword:

>>> d={ 1: "ברי צקלה", 2: u"ברי צקלה" }
>>> d
{1: '\xd7\x91\xd7\xa8\xd7\x99 \xd7\xa6\xd7\xa7\xd7\x9c\xd7\x94', 2: u'\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05e6\u05e7\u05dc\u05d4'}

>>> s=json.dumps(d, ensure_ascii=False, encoding='utf8')
>>> s
u'{"1": "\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05e6\u05e7\u05dc\u05d4", "2": "\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05e6\u05e7\u05dc\u05d4"}'
>>> json.loads(s)['1']
u'\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05e6\u05e7\u05dc\u05d4'
>>> json.loads(s)['2']
u'\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05e6\u05e7\u05dc\u05d4'
>>> print json.loads(s)['1']
ברי צקלה
>>> print json.loads(s)['2']
ברי צקלה

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