如何为每个屏幕添加自己的.py和.kv文件? [英] How to add for each screen an own .py and .kv file?
问题描述
我希望每个sreen都有一个单独的.py和.kv文件.在main.py/main.kv中的ScreenManager上，应该选择屏幕.设计应从文件screen_X.kv加载，类等应从文件screen_X.py加载.
I want to have a seperate .py and .kv file for each sreen. Over the ScreenManager in main.py/main.kv the screen should be selected. The design should be loaded from the file screen_X.kv and the classes etc. should be loaded from the file screen_X.py.
屏幕:
- 屏幕1
- 屏幕2
- 屏幕3
文件:
- (main.py)
- (showcase.kv)
- screen_1.py
- screen_1.kv
- screen_2.py
- screen_2.kv
- screen_3.py
- screen_3.kv
这使程序可以轻松扩展.我该如何实现?
This makes the program can be easily extended. How can I achieve this?
使用此代码，我分离了.kv文件.但是我还需要分开的.py文件.
With this code I have seperated .kv files. But I need also separated .py files.
main.py
from time import time
from kivy.app import App
from os.path import dirname, join
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy.properties import NumericProperty, BooleanProperty, ListProperty
from kivy.clock import Clock
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import Screen
class ShowcaseScreen(Screen):
fullscreen = BooleanProperty(False)
def add_widget(self, *args):
if 'content' in self.ids:
return self.ids.content.add_widget(*args)
return super(ShowcaseScreen, self).add_widget(*args)
class ShowcaseApp(App):
time = NumericProperty(0)
screen_names = ListProperty([])
bool_menu = BooleanProperty(False)
def build(self):
self.title = 'hello world'
Clock.schedule_interval(self._update_clock, 1 / 60.)
self.available_screens = [
'Buttons', 'CheckBoxes', 'ProgressBar', 'Switches', 'ToggleButton',
]
self.screen_names = self.available_screens
curdir = dirname(__file__)
self.available_screens = [join(curdir, 'data', 'screens', '{}.kv'.format(fn)) for fn in self.available_screens]
self.menu_screen = join(curdir, 'data', 'screens', '{}.kv'.format('Menu'))
self.go_menu()
def go_screen(self, idx):
screen = Builder.load_file(self.available_screens[idx])
self.root.ids.sm.switch_to(screen, direction='left')
def go_menu(self):
if not self.bool_menu:
screen = Builder.load_file(self.menu_screen)
self.root.ids.sm.switch_to(screen, direction='right')
def _update_clock(self, dt):
self.time = time()
if __name__ == '__main__':
ShowcaseApp().run()
showcase.kv
showcase.kv
#:kivy 1.8.0
#:import KivyLexer kivy.extras.highlight.KivyLexer
#:import Factory kivy.factory.Factory
<ActionSpinnerOptions@SpinnerOption>
background_color: .4, .4, .4, 1
<ActionSpinner@Spinner+ActionItem>
canvas.before:
Color:
rgba: 0.128, 0.128, 0.128, 1
Rectangle:
size: self.size
pos: self.pos
border: 27, 20, 12, 12
background_normal: 'atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/action_group'
option_cls: Factory.ActionSpinnerOptions
<ActionDropdown>:
on_size: self.width = '220dp'
<ShowcaseScreen>:
ScrollView:
do_scroll_x: False
do_scroll_y: False if root.fullscreen else (content.height > root.height - dp(16))
AnchorLayout:
size_hint_y: None
height: root.height if root.fullscreen else max(root.height, content.height)
GridLayout:
id: content
cols: 1
spacing: '8dp'
padding: '8dp'
size_hint: (1, 1) if root.fullscreen else (.8, None)
height: self.height if root.fullscreen else self.minimum_height
BoxLayout:
orientation: 'vertical'
canvas.before:
Color:
rgb: .6, .6, .6
Rectangle:
size: self.size
source: 'data/background.png'
ActionBar:
ActionView:
id: av
ActionPrevious:
with_previous: (False if app.bool_menu == True else True) if not app.bool_menu else False
title: 'Menu'
on_release: app.go_menu()
ActionSpinner:
id: spnr
important: True
text: 'Select Program'
values: app.screen_names
on_text:
if (spnr.text != 'Select Program') and (sm.current != args[1]):\
idx = app.screen_names.index(args[1]);\
app.go_screen(idx)
ScreenManager:
id: sm
on_current_screen:
screen_name = args[1].name
spnr.text = 'Select Program' if screen_name == 'Menu' else screen_name
if screen_name == 'Menu': app.bool_menu = True
else: app.bool_menu = False
推荐答案
首先，您没有提到您是否知道如何以通常的方式设置不同的屏幕，而且我不确定是否能看到上面的代码.如果您不这样做，此处有一个相当简单的教程.简单的多屏幕设置.
First of all, you haven't mentioned whether you know how to set up different screens the usual way, and I'm not sure that I see it in the code above. In case you don't, there is a fairly simple tutorial here on creating a simple multi-screen setup.
每个屏幕都是从Screen继承的类，只需在单独的.py文件中定义这些屏幕类，然后将它们导入到main.py文件中，这并不是一件容易的事.我以前做过.例如，我有我的main.py(您需要)，我所有的屏幕都定义在一个名为"game_screen.py"的py文件中，然后从那里导入.
Each screen being a class that inherits from Screen, it isn't a difficult thing to just define those screen classes in seperate .py files and then import them into your main.py file. I have done this before. For instance, I had my main.py(which you need), and I had all my various screens defined in a py file called 'game_screen.py', and simply imported from there.
我自己没有看到多个kv文件的大量使用，但是我知道您可以使用以下类似代码将kv规则添加到主要(默认)kv文件规则中.我相信，尽管这些规则必须在它们生效的窗口小部件之前加载，以使其正常工作.
I haven't seen much use of multiple kv files myself, but I know you can add kv rules to your main(default) kv files rules using similar code to the below. Though these rules, I believe, must be loaded before the widgets they will effect in order to work correctly.
from kivy.lang import Builder
Builder.load_file('screen1.kv')
Builder.load_file('screen2.kv')
Builder.load_file('screen3.kv')
因此，通过将屏幕类导入到main.py中，并使用上述添加kv文件的方法，您可能可以实现您所要求的..然后确定这是否是一个好方法.
So by importing your screen classes to your main.py and using the above method of adding kv files, you could probably achieve what you are asking for.. and then decide if that's a good way to go.
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