使用附加类从多个屏幕存储数据的奇异果 [英] kivy using addtional class to store data from multiple screens
问题描述
我想向我的kivy应用添加一个额外的类，它只是一个信息存储库.我不确定该在哪里执行该操作，甚至不确定是否建议使用此方法.
I want to add an additional class to my kivy app that is just an info storage depot. I'm not sure where to do this or if this approach is even advised.
该应用具有多个屏幕.每个屏幕都允许用户进行选择.用户的选择就是我要存储在附加类中的内容.附加类将存储数据，然后最终使用MQTT将数据发送出去.另外，我想将类定义保存在单独的文件中，以便可以将程序组织成逻辑排序的块.
The app has multiple screens. Each screen allows the user to make a selection. The user's selection is what I want to store in the additional class. The additional class will store data then ultimately use MQTT to send the data out. Also, I wanted to keep the class definition in a separate file so I could organize the program into logically ordered chunks.
(请记住，我只共享一小部分代码，但这应该足以代表我的问题)
(keep in mind I'm sharing a small fraction of the code, but this should be representative enough to convey my question)
我的猕猴桃python代码:
My kivy python code:
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.floatlayout import FloatLayout
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import ScreenManager, Screen
from storage import Storage # <<========================== this is the addtional class
# Screen Manager
class MyScreenManager(ScreenManager):
pass
# Background Color
class BG(FloatLayout):
pass
class VendorScreen(Screen):
pass
class InvoiceScreen(Screen):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(InvoiceScreen, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.invoice = ''
def keyEntry(self, number): # ............ Digit Pressed
invoice = self.ids.invoice # ......... link to kivy Label
invoice.text += number # ............. append number to invoice
def keyBack(self): # ..................... Backspace
invoice = self.ids.invoice # ......... link to kivy Label
invoice.text = invoice.text[:-1] # ... remove last digit
def set_invoice(self):
invoice = self.ids.invoice
self.invoice = invoice.text
class MainControlScreen(Screen):
pass
# Main-Execution
class mySuperApp(App):
def build(self):
return MyScreenManager()
if __name__ == '__main__':
mySuperApp().run()
我的kv代码:
#:kivy 1.0.9
<MyScreenManager>:
VendorScreen: # ........ Incoming Delivery, Screen 2b
name: 'vendor_screen'
InvoiceScreen: # ........ .................. Screen 3b
name: 'invoice_screen'
MainControlScreen: # ... .................. Screen 4b
name: 'main_control_screen'
<BG>
AsyncImage:
source: 'img/screen1_background4.png'
size_hint: 1, 1
<VendorScreen>
BG:
FloatLayout:
Button:
text: 'name1'
color: 1.0, 0.6, 0.0, 1
font_size: 40
size_hint_x: 0.45
size_hint_y: 0.35
pos_hint: {'x': 0.03, 'y': 0.50}
on_release:
root.manager.transition.direction = 'left'
root.manager.current = 'invoice_screen'
Button:
text: 'name2'
color: 1.0, 0.6, 0.0, 1
font_size: 40
size_hint_x: 0.45
size_hint_y: 0.35
pos_hint: {'x': 0.52, 'y': 0.50}
on_release:
root.manager.transition.direction = 'left'
root.manager.current = 'invoice_screen'
Button:
text: 'name3'
color: 1.0, 0.6, 0.0, 1
font_size: 40
size_hint_x: 0.45
size_hint_y: 0.35
pos_hint: {'x': 0.03, 'y': 0.10}
on_release:
root.manager.transition.direction = 'left'
root.manager.current = 'invoice_screen'
Button:
text: 'name4'
color: 1.0, 0.6, 0.0, 1
font_size: 40
size_hint_x: 0.45
size_hint_y: 0.35
pos_hint: {'x': 0.52, 'y': 0.10}
on_release:
root.manager.transition.direction = 'left'
root.manager.current = 'invoice_screen'
<InvoiceScreen>
BG:
canvas:
Color:
rgba: 0.90, 0.90, 0.90, 0.5
Rectangle:
pos: (40, 295)
size: (320, 35)
Color:
rgba: 0, 0, 0, 1
Line:
points: 40, 295, 360, 295, 360, 330, 40, 330, 40, 295
width: 1
BoxLayout:
orientation: 'horizontal' # break it up into left / right
FloatLayout:
Label:
pos_hint: {'x':0, 'y':.25}
font_size: 30
text: 'Enter Invoice Number'
color: 0.1, 0.1, 1, 1
Label:
id: invoice
pos_hint: {'x':0, 'y':.15}
font_size: 30
text: '' # initially blank
color: 0, 0, 0, 1
GridLayout:
cols: 3 # number of columns
rows: 4 # number of rows
Button:
text: '1'
on_release: root.keyEntry('1')
Button:
text: '2'
on_release: root.keyEntry('2')
Button:
text: '3'
on_release: root.keyEntry('3')
Button:
text: '4'
on_release: root.keyEntry('4')
Button:
text: '5'
on_release: root.keyEntry('5')
Button:
text: '6'
on_release: root.keyEntry('6')
Button:
text: '7'
on_release: root.keyEntry('7')
Button:
text: '8'
on_release: root.keyEntry('8')
Button:
text: '9'
on_release: root.keyEntry('9')
Button:
text: '< DEL'
on_release: root.keyBack()
Button:
text: '0'
on_release: root.keyEntry('0')
Button:
text: 'Done'
on_release:
root.set_invoice()
root.manager.transition.direction = 'left'
root.manager.current = 'main_control_screen'
<MainControlScreen>
BG:
canvas:
Color:
rgba: 0, 0, 1, 1
Line:
points: 500, 180, 770, 180, 770, 450, 500, 450, 500, 180
width: 3
FloatLayout:
Label: # foreground
pos_hint: {'x': 0.30, 'y': 0.13}
font_size: 80
text: '5'
color: 1.0, 0.6, 0.0, 1
Button:
size_hint_x: 0.2
size_hint_y: 0.1
pos_hint: {'x': 0.05, 'y': 0.05}
text: 'Auto-Reject'
on_release:
root.manager.transition.direction = 'up'
root.manager.current = 'vendor_screen'
Button:
size_hint_x: 0.2
size_hint_y: 0.1
pos_hint: {'x': 0.75, 'y': 0.05}
text: 'Photo'
on_release:
root.manager.transition.direction = 'left'
root.manager.current = 'invoice_screen'
最后是我的其他课程:
from datetime import datetime, date
import calendar
class Storage(object):
def __init__(self):
self.invoice = 0
self.unit_name = ''
self.unit_number = ''
self.receiver = ''
self.vendor = ''
self.day = calendar.day_name[date.today().weekday()]
self.delivery_time = datetime.now()
self.package_condition = True
self.email = ''
self.location = ('32.0, -117.0',)
self.duration = 0
self.img = 'img.jpg'
所以我的问题是，在哪里以及如何使用我的附加类存储"?我希望所有kivy类都能够访问它的单个实例，但是我不知道该怎么做.
So my question is, where and how do I use my addtional class 'Storage'? I want all the kivy classes to be able to access a single instance of it, but I cannot figure out how to do that.
我尝试在mySuperApp().run()之前实例化一个类，但无法在其他类中访问它.我尝试使用global访问实例，但这没有用.
I tried instantiating a class just before mySuperApp().run() but I cannot access it inside the other classes. I tried using global to access the instance, but that didn't work.
我考虑过从类继承，但是我不确定该怎么做...我从不同屏幕上的Storage继承开始，但是，这不能让我访问所有数据的单个实例是，相反，我将不得不从多个类中提取实例变量以聚集整个数据集.然后，我尝试在Storage中继承mySuperApp，然后从Storage中运行ScreenManager，但这没有用.它运行了，但是我无法从其他类访问实例变量.也许我需要在所有其他类中继续从Storage继承?
I thought about inheriting from the class, but I'm not sure how to do this... I started by inheriting from Storage in my different screens, however, that does not let me access a single instance where all my data is, rather I would have to pull instance variables from multiple classes to amass the full data set. Then I tried inheriting mySuperApp in Storage, then running the ScreenManager from Storage, but that didn't work. It ran, but I couldn't access the instance variables from the other classes. Maybe I need to keep inheriting from Storage in all the other classes?
我不确定该如何处理，因为该部分只是程序的一小部分.最后，我将需要几个其他的类，但是我不知道如何或在何处链接这些类.一旦了解了概念，我会将其应用于其他必要的课程，但是我不知道从哪里开始.
I'm not sure how to approach this as the kivy part is only a fraction of the program. In the end I will need several additional classes, but I don't understand how or where to link these. Once I get the concept I will apply it to the other necessary classes, but I don't know where to start.
推荐答案
您可以使用ScreenManager共享数据.
ScreenManager始终是所有屏幕的父级.
因此，您可以通过以下三种方式访问管理器.
You could use the ScreenManager to share data.
The ScreenManager will allways be parent of all the screens.
So here are three ways you can access the manager.
root.manager:
Screen都有一个名为manager的属性，这是此Screen所在的ScreenManager.因此，您可以从任何这样的屏幕中访问它.
root.manager:
The Screen's all have an attribute called manager, which is the ScreenManager which this Screen is in. So you can access it from any screen like this.
root.parent:
如果Widget在另一个小部件中，则都将其为parent.在这种情况下，Screen的父级是ScreenManager.因此，您可以从任何这样的屏幕上访问它.
root.parent:
The Widget's if they are in another widget will all have it's parent. In this case, the Screen's parent is the ScreenManager. So you can access it from any screen like this.
app.root:
每个应用程序都有一个root.在这种情况下，应用程序的根目录是ScreenManager.因此，您可以从任何地方访问它.
app.root:
Every app has a root. In this case the root of the app, is the ScreenManager. So you can access it from anywhere like this.
尝试这个示例，用三个按钮进行演示:
Try this example, with three buttons demonstrating this:
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import Screen, ScreenManager
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy.properties import StringProperty
class MyScreenManager(ScreenManager):
shared_data = StringProperty("")
class Screen1(Screen):
pass
class Screen2(Screen):
pass
root = Builder.load_string('''
<Screen1>:
name: "screen1"
BoxLayout:
orientation: "vertical"
TextInput:
on_text:
root.manager.shared_data = self.text
Label:
text:
root.manager.shared_data
Button:
text: "Go to screen2"
on_release: root.manager.current = "screen2"
Button:
text: "root.manager.shared_data"
on_release:
print(root.manager.shared_data)
Button:
text: "root.parent.shared_data"
on_release:
print(root.parent.shared_data)
Button:
text: "app.root.shared_data"
on_release:
print(app.root.shared_data)
<Screen2>:
name: "screen2"
BoxLayout:
orientation: "vertical"
TextInput:
on_text:
root.manager.shared_data = self.text
Label:
text:
root.manager.shared_data
Button:
text: "Go to screen1"
on_release: root.manager.current = "screen1"
MyScreenManager:
Screen1:
Screen2:
''')
class MyApp(App):
def build(self):
return root
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