使用ASP.NET Core在单元测试中模拟POST请求 [英] Simulate POST request in a unit test using ASP.NET Core

问题描述

我目前正在ASP.NET Core项目中实现单元测试，并且必须测试API Controller的POST方法.这是POST方法的示例:

I am currently implementing unit tests in a ASP.NET Core project and I have to test the POST method of an API Controller. Here is an example of the POST method:

[HttpPost]
public IActionResult Post([FromBody]Product product)
{
    if (!ModelState.IsValid)
    {
        return BadRequest();
    }

    try
    {
        var returnValue = productService.Save(product);
        return CreatedAtRoute(nameof(Post), new { returnValue = returnValue }, product);
    }
    catch
    {
        return BadRequest();
    }

}

这是我正在使用的模型的示例:

And here is an example of the model I am using:

public class Product
{
    [Required]
    [MaxLength(25)]
    public string Name { get; set; }

    [MaxLength(200)]
    public string Description { get; set; }
}

主要思想是测试Created(201)和Bad Request(400)结果.我经历了

The main idea is to test both Created (201) and also Bad Request (400) results. I went through this page and the Created (201) works pretty fine. However, when I applied the same logic for the Bad Request (401) it didn't work since I am not making a real request. But when I tried using PostMan with the "wrong" values I got 400, as expected.

如何模拟单元测试中的POST请求?还是我错过了什么?

How can I simulate a POST request from a unit test? Or am I missing something?

推荐答案

您阅读的文档适用于经典的ASP.NET.请改用ASP.NET Core文档:集成测试

The documentation you went through is for classic ASP.NET. Look at ASP.NET Core docs instead: Integration testing.

有一个 TestServer 类专门用于ASP.NET Core中的控制器测试:

There is the TestServer class designed for controller testing in ASP.NET Core:

_server = new TestServer(new WebHostBuilder()
    .UseStartup<Startup>());
_client = _server.CreateClient();

var content = new StringContent($"username={_username}&password={_password}",
    Encoding.UTF8,
    "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

HttpResponseMessage response = await _client.PostAsync("foo_path", content);

备注:

• TestServer 由 Startup 类设置参数.可能您将创建一个单独的 Startup 类进行测试，或者以某种方式覆盖其方法以模拟依赖项.

• TestServer is parametrized by Startup class. Probably you would create a separate Startup class for testing or override its methods in some way to mock dependencies.

只能从通过 _server.CreateClient()调用创建的客户端访问内存服务器实例.客户端是在内部带有特殊的 HttpMessageHandler 创建的.该处理程序允许直接调用被测API，而无需将内存实例公开为真实的HTTP服务器.

An in-memory server instance is accessible only from a client created by _server.CreateClient() call. The client is created with a special HttpMessageHandler inside. That handler allows to directly call APIs under test without exposing the in-memory instance as a real HTTP server.

另一个用于集成测试的选项是运行真正的" Kestrel服务器来测试您的Web API.

Another option might be used for integration testing is to run a "real" Kestrel server to test your web API.

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